罗尔斯人权观的扩张主义属性:基于对《万民法》的分析  

The Expansionist Attributes of Rawls’s View of Human Rights:Based on an Analysis of the Law of Peoples

作　　者：李博 Li Bo

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《人权研究》2024年第2期46-65,共20页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：罗尔斯在《万民法》中阐述的人权观几乎是现代意义上的人权理念绕不开的理论。他的人权观在道德权利的推理中可能导向现实的乌托邦,在实践权利的逻辑下可能导向扩张主义。扩张主义是诸社会不情愿接受的一种结果,但具有现实的可能性。扩张主义的产生既有人权观内在张力的作用,表现为道德上人权的认同度、中立性及相互尊重在政治性上的不合理运用,在现实依据上是人权在域内和域外社会的地位的变化以及缺乏维护人权的实质性惩戒;又有作为达成人权一致性的宽容原则本身的难度以及宽容的限度所产生的弹性空间。分析表明,扩张主义是延伸自由主义正义原则的范围并维系自由主义主导性的一种手段,在理论和现实中都可以找到证成的依据。Rawls’s view of human rights,as articulated in the Law of Peoples,is almost an inextricable theory for the idea of human rights in the modern sense.His view of human rights may lead to a realistic Utopia in the reasoning of moral rights,and to expansionism in the logic of practical rights.Although expansionism is an outcome that societies are reluctant to accept,it has a real possibility.Expansionism is a result of the tension inherent in the human rights perspective,expressed in the moral recognition of human rights,neutrality,and the irrational application of mutual respect in politics,and in reality based on the changing status of human rights in both internal and external societies and the lack of substantive disciplinary measures to uphold human rights,and the difficulty of the principle of tolerance itself as a means of achieving human rights consistency,and the elasticity created by the limits of tolerance.The analysis shows that expansionism is a means of extending the scope and maintaining the dominance of liberal principles of justice,which canfind evidential grounds in both theory and reality.

关 键 词：罗尔斯 正义 人权 宽容 扩张主义 

分 类 号：D909.1[政治法律—法学理论]