论数据产权即著作权  

Data Property Rights Are Copyrights

作　　者：熊文聪[1] XIONG Wencong

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2024年第3期130-143,共14页China Law Review

基　　金：中央民族大学青年学术团队引领计划项目“大数据运用机理与法律保护问题研究”(2022QNYL24)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：既有观点认为,海量数据的收集者不能主张排他性财产权,数据选择、编排及组合本身也难以达到“独创性”高度,故无法作为“汇编作品”受到保护。实际上,不能太过文学化、浪漫化地解读著作权法意义上的“创作”或“作品”,而忽视著作权法是有关智力成果的财产法则、市场法则,应当从“稀缺性”角度来评判涉案数据是否应当受到产权保护。与此同时,对于没有独创性的数据集合,也不应该适用反不正当竞争法予以救济。反不正当竞争法不是著作权法的兜底法或一般法。对于未经允许利用他人数据产品问题,合同法与技术保护措施的规制是不足的,甚至是有问题的。相反,著作权法中既有的“实质性相似”“合理使用规则”“思想/表达二分法”及保护期制度已经提供了相当精细的利益平衡之道,无须再通过创设所谓的“数据资源权”或“数据权”等新概念来予以调整。法律规则的建构应当保持理性克制,避免因信息冗余带来额外的制度运行成本。Existing views hold that collectors of massive data cannot claim exclusive property rights,and the selection,arrangement,and combination of data are also dificult to achieve"originality",so they cannot be protected as"compilation works."In fact,we should not interpret"creation"or"works"in the sense of copyright law too literally and romantically,and ignore that copyright law is the property law and market law related to intellectual fruits.It should be judged from the perspective of"scarcity"whether the data involved in the case should be protected by property rights.In addition,for data collections without originality,the Anti-Unfair Competition Law should not be applied to provide relief.The Anti-Unfair Competition Law is not a supplementary law or a general law of copyright law.Regarding the utilization of other's data products without permission,the regulation of contract law and technological protection measures is insufficient,even problematic.On the contrary,the existing"substantial similarity test""fair use rules""idea/expression dichotomy"and the protection period system in the copyright law have provided a fairly fine balance of interests,and there is no need to create so-called"data resource rights"or"data rights".The construction of legal rules should remain rational and restrained to avoid additional system operating costs due to information redundancy.

关 键 词：数据产权 独创性 著作权 不正当竞争 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]