种子植物不同毛被和质地的叶片制备改进方法研究  

An Improved Method for Preparation Leaf Scraping with Varied Trichomes and Textures of Some Seed Plants

作　　者：位文娜 王思扬 刘孟奇[1,2] WEI Wenna;WANG Siyang;LIU Mengqi(School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou Henan 450056,P.R.China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao,Zhengzhou Henan 450056,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学药学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省豫药全产业链研发协同创新中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2024年第3期110-116,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2023YFC3504000)。

摘　　要：为了改进一种适用于毛被特征和质地均不同的叶表皮特征观察的种子植物叶表皮制片方法,选择具有纸质叶和革质叶代表性的6种种子植物为研究材料,在稀硝酸和冰醋酸混合物中浸泡并搅拌使叶表面毛被(或鳞片)脱离,然后在冰醋酸和双氧水混合物中分离上、下表皮,再用乳酸透明后用1%番红染色,封片后用光学显微镜观察叶表皮特征,并将其与扫描电镜特征比较分析。结果显示:(1)数码相机拍照观察叶上表面可看出,2种质地6种植物叶片上表面均比较光滑,无毛或无明显的毛被;体视显微镜观察叶下表面可看出,薄荷叶和车前叶都较为平整无非腺毛,野艾蒿叶密被蛛丝状绒毛,胡颓子叶密被鳞片,山楂叶可以看到各级网脉,枸骨叶可以看到“黑点”状的下陷气孔。(2)改进叶表皮制片方法能有效去除纸质叶和革质叶叶表面的毛被或鳞片,并分离出上、下表皮,能够清晰观察到扫描电子显微镜下观察不到的叶表皮特征,包括表皮细胞形状、垂周壁式样、腺毛和气孔类型等。(3)对于角质层厚的革质叶和毛被(或鳞片)厚重的纸质叶或革质叶,扫描电子显微镜分辨率高,可以清晰观察到角质层或蜡质层颗粒和毛被或鳞片的纹理,但无法观察表皮细胞垂周壁式样和气孔类型;光学显微镜可以观察到表皮细胞垂周壁式样、气孔类型、毛被类型等特征,但无法观察到角质层或蜡质层颗粒和毛被或鳞片的纹理。可得结论:叶表皮制片新方法可以较好地分离纸质叶和革质叶的上、下表皮,从而获得理想的叶表皮制片,能够清晰观察叶表皮特征。In order to improve a seed plant leaf epidermal section method suitable for observing leaf epidermal characteristics with different trichome and texture,6 representative seed plants with papery and leathery leaves were selected as the research materials.They were soaked in a mixture of dilute nitric acid and glacial acetic acid and stirred to remove the trichomes(or scales)on the leaf surface.Then,the upper and lower epidermis were separated in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide,and transparent with lactic acid and stained with 1%safranine.After sealing,the leaf epidermal features were observed under an optical microscope and compared with scanning electron microscopy characteristics.The results showed that:(1)digital cameras can be used to observe the surface of the leaves,and it can be seen that the surface of the leaves of 6 plant species in 2 textures is relatively smooth,without trichome or obvious trichomes;observing the lower surface of the leaves under a stereomicroscope,it can be seen that the Mentha canadensis leaves and Plantago asiatica leaves are relatively flat without glandular trichomes.The leaves of Artemisia lavandulifolia are densely covered with arachnoid tomentum,while the leaves of Elaeagnus pungens are densely covered with scales.The leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida can be seen with various levels of network veins,and the leaves of Ilex cornuta can be seen with“black spots”like sunken stomata.(2)Improving the method of leaf epidermal sectioning can effectively remove the trichomes or scales on the surface of papery and leathery leaves,and separate the upper and lower epidermis.It can clearly observe leaf epidermal features that cannot be observed under scanning electron microscopy,including epidermal cell shape,vertical wall pattern,glandular trichome,and stomatal type.(3)For leathery leaves with thick cuticle and paper leaves or leather leaves with thick trichomes(or scales),scanning electron microscopy has high resolution and can clearly observe the texture of the c

关 键 词：叶表皮 制片方法 光学显微镜 扫描电子显微镜 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]