技术演化理论视角下新型举国体制分类与边界  

The taxonomy and boundaries for the New Whole Nation based on the technological evolution theory

作　　者：李瑞 梁正[2,3] 薛澜[2,3] LI Rui;LIANG Zheng;XUE Lan(Institute of Scientific Technological Strategic Consultation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy&Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;China Institute for Science and Technology Policy at Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [3]清华大学中国科技政策研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学研究》2024年第6期1225-1233,1277,共10页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004111);中国科协高端科技创新智库青年项目(20230504ZZ07240043);科技创新2030-“新一代人工智能‘重大项目’重点领域人工智能治理挑战及对策研究”(2019AAA0105300)。

摘　　要：健全社会主义市场经济条件下新型举国体制,是产业迈向高质量发展、应对中美科技博弈、以及实现中国式现代化的重要路径。新型举国体制的有效实施需要尊重技术本身及创新经济规律,并据此科学、高效施策。本研究基于技术演化理论,从技术的产品、产业及科学维度构建了新型举国体制的理论模型,将主流的新型举国体制模式分为高端基础装备、先进工艺制造、科学依赖型技术研发三种类型,并分别对每种类型的举国体制模式进行典型案例对比分析。研究指出,对于涉及国家战略目标、核心利益、需要大规模调动社会人财物资源的重大科技攻关项目,要在初始论证环节就审慎为之。是否以及如何推进举国体制与不同事项的技术特征和产业组织模式密切相关,这甚至将直接影响到举国体制项目的成败。通过不同类型的成功及失败案例研究发现,共性关键技术、追赶阶段技术、最终用户清晰的技术以及大型基础设施或任务四类项目较为适合采用举国体制。The whole nation system(WNS)in the socialist market economy,is one of the important paths to create high-quality industrial development,cope with China-USA S&T competition and achieve the Chinese modernization at the end.In order to ensure the validity of the WNS,the policy makers should follow the laws of technology and innovative economy,and make policy scientifically.Based on the theory of technological evolution,this research builds the WNS model from the product,industrial and science perspective,and divide the WNS into three types:high-end basic equipment,advanced process manufacturing and R&D dependent on science.And then,the typical case studies are made to show the dfference of the three WNS modes.Studies show that it is prudent to organize major S&T projects related to nationally strategic objectives,core interests and high demands for human and financial resource at the initial demonstration part.The organization of the WNS is closely related to the characteristics of technological and industrial modes,which even has directly impact on the success and failure of the WNS projects.Through these cases,the key generic technologies,catch-up phase technologies,technologies with clear end users,and significant public investment and tasks are considered to be suitable for the WNS.

关 键 词：新型举国体制 关键核心技术 技术演化 

分 类 号：C301[社会学] G306.0[文化科学]