三峡库区水土流失遥感监测及治理研究  

Current Status and Control Effectiveness of Soil and Water Loss in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Evaluated by Remote Sensing Technology

作　　者：赵院[1] 程卓 常丹东[1] 曹文华[1] ZHAO Yuan;CHENG Zhuo;CHANG Dandong;CAO Wenhua(Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水土保持监测中心,北京100053 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2024年第2期105-111,共7页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：三峡工程运行安全综合监测系统,库区维护和管理基金项目(2136703)。

摘　　要：三峡库区是长江流域生态环境系统的重要环节,库区生态环境问题备受关注。水土流失是影响三峡库区生态安全、制约库区发挥生态屏障功能的关键环境问题之一。2020—2022年,水利部水土保持监测中心的三峡库区水土流失遥感监测站组织实施了基于遥感技术的三峡库区水土流失动态监测,结合野外考察和数值模拟等手段,对库区土壤侵蚀因子与侵蚀模数进行计算,并对水土流失防治效益进行评价。结果显示:(1)林地和耕地是水土流失发生的主要区域;(2)在相同的土地利用模式下,地形较陡的区域更易发生强度较大的水蚀;(3)2020—2022年,库区水土流失面积呈减少趋势,减少速率约为264 km^(2)/年,水土保持措施面积则以865 km^(2)/年的速率增加,取得较好治理效果。在进一步工作中,可针对性地在坡度较大的水蚀区进行合理的水保措施布设,以进一步提高库区水土流失治理成效。本研究可为三峡库区水土流失治理和水保措施规划以及长江流域生态系统建设提供科学依据。The Three Gorges Reservoir region plays an essential role in the ecological and environmental system of the Yangtze River basin.Thus,extra attentions should be paid to the regional ecological and environmental issues.Soil erosion is one of the key environmental problems affecting the regional ecological security and restricting the reservoir region from executing its function as an ecological protective screen.During 2020—2022,the Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources has implemented the remote sensing monitoring station for soil and water loss assessment in the Three Gorges Region,and organized the regional soil erosion dynamic monitoring project.In the project,tasks including field investigations and numerical simulation were coupled with remote sensing technology to derive the factors and modulus of soil erosion in the reservoir region,and to evaluate the effectiveness of soil erosion control practices.The results showed that:(1)Forest land and cultivated land were the dominated areas suffering from soil erosion;(2)The steeper areas in terms of higher slopes were more prone to water erosion;(3)During 2020-2022,soil erosion area in the reservoir region showed a decreasing trend at a rate of around 264 km^(2)/a,while the area of soil and water conservation practices was increasing at a rate of 865 km^(2)/a indicating a fairly good achievement of regional soil erosion control strategies.In the further work,reasonable soil and water conservation practices can be designed in the erosion area especially with large slopes,as to further improve the effectiveness of soil and water erosion prevention in the reservoir region.Results of this study can provide supports for comprehensive control strategies of soil erosion in the reservoir region,and for the ecosystem construction in the Yangtze River basin.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀因子 土壤侵蚀模数 水土保持措施 效益评价 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]