三峡库区不同种植制度的坡地水土流失特征  

Characteristics of Soil and Water Loss on Slope Land under Different Planting Systems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：顾朝军 黄立文 冉玲玲 龙翼[2] GU Chaojun;HUANG Liwen;RAN Lingling;LONG Yi(Yangtze Soil Conservation Monitoring Center,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430070,China;Water and Soil Conservation and Environment Research Station of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 404300,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉430070 [2]中国科学院三峡库区水土保持与环境研究站,重庆404300

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2024年第2期112-116,共5页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

摘　　要：剖析农业种植制度对库区水土流失的季节性影响,有助于深刻认识库区农业区域水土流失发生规律。基于2018—2021年共4年期间中国科学院三峡库区水土保持与环境研究站自有粮油作物、蔬菜作物、柑橘果园、灌草撂荒4种种植制度小区的水土流失监测数据的整理分析,结果表明:库区4—8月降雨量占全年降雨量的60.4%~75.8%,年内中雨发生频率最高,占73.63%,大雨次之,占19.78%,暴雨频率最低,占6.59%。4种种植制度小区中,柑橘果园的平均径流深、土壤侵蚀强度都最大,表明柑橘果园是该区域重要的水土流失源地。蔬菜作物和粮油作物是库区坡耕地的主要农作物,地块耕作频繁,易于发生水土流失,但不同种植制度下的作物生长周期、田间管理措施存在明显差异,对植被覆盖度、土壤紧实度产生显著影响,进而影响地表径流发生和土壤侵蚀过程。因此,对于三峡库区侵蚀性降雨年内分布不均和不同种植制度田间耕作管理、植被覆盖的季节性差异,应有针对性地采取防治措施,以有效保护农业土壤资源。According to the analysis of the monitoring data of water and soil loss from 2018 to 2021,obtained from the four planting systems of grain and oil crops,vegetable crops,citrus orchards,and shrub grass wasteland in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Water and Soil Conservation and Environment Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the rainfall from April to August in the reservoir area accounts for 60.4%~75.8% of the annual rainfall.The frequency of moderate rain is the highest,accounting for 73.63%,followed by heavy rain,accounting for 19.78%,and the frequency of rainstorm is the lowest,accounting for 6.59%.Among the four planting systems of grain and oil crops,vegetable crops,citrus orchards,and shrub and grass wasteland,citrus orchards have the highest average runoff depth and soil loss intensity,indicates that citrus orchards are an important source of soil erosion in the region.Vegetable crops and grain and oil crops are the main crops in the sloping farmland of the reservoir area.The land is frequently cultivated and prone to soil erosion.However,there are significant differences in crop growth cycles and field management measures under different planting systems,which have a significant impact on vegetation coverage and soil compaction,thereby affecting the occurrence of surface runoff and soil erosion processes.Thorough study of the seasonal impact of agricultural planting systems on soil and water loss in the reservoir area will help to deeply understand the occurrence patterns of soil and water loss in the agricultural region of the reservoir area,and take targeted prevention and control measures to effectively protect agricultural soil resources.

关 键 词：三峡库区 种植制度 坡耕地 水土流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]