全球稀土产业链贸易格局演化与出口竞争力研究  

Research on the evolution of trade pattern and export competitiveness of global rare earth industry chain

作　　者：易璐[1] 李云云 谢柳燕 孔姗 YI Lu;LI Yunyun;XIE Liuyan;KONG Shan(School of Economics and Management,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;School of Marxism,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学经济管理学院,江西赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学马克思主义学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第6期53-62,共10页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国战略性矿产资源产业链供应链安全稳定战略研究(2025—2060)”资助(编号:22XGL003);江西省青年井冈学者奖励计划项目资助。

摘　　要：稀土是战略性矿产资源,在全球经济发展与产业结构升级中发挥重要作用。西方国家加快稀土产业链“去中国化”的步伐,中国的稀土产业安全面临严峻挑战,正确认识全球稀土产业链中不同产品贸易格局演化及主要出口国(地区)出口竞争力有利于中国稀土产业贸易的优化。本文以2000—2022年全球稀土产业链贸易额为数据,运用复杂网络方法,通过4类稀土产品建立稀土产业链上游阶段、中游阶段、下游阶段产品贸易随机网络和加权网络,对全球稀土产业链上游阶段、中游阶段、下游阶段产品贸易格局演变及各阶段主要出口国(地区)出口贸易竞争力进行研究。通过分析得出:稀土产业链上游阶段、中游阶段、下游阶段产品贸易呈现少数国家掌握着极大贸易量的特征,各阶段贸易网络呈小世界特征,且中下游稀土产品网络紧密程度明显高于上游稀土原矿;中国稀土原矿的出口寡占指数呈下降趋势,中下游稀土产品寡占方面具有绝对出口优势;中国的中介控制能力与贸易渠道在稀土产业链中都相对具有优势,但美国、德国在这两方面的出口竞争力也较强。因此,中国需要加强上游稀土原矿的储备,中下游环节需要加强原矿加工能力与下游高端材料与技术的研发投入,并朝贸易全球化方向发展。Rare earth is a strategic mineral resource,playing an important role in the global economic development and industrial structure upgrading.Western countries speed up the pace of rare earth industry chain“de-China”,China’s rare earth security is facing severe challenges,a correct understanding Mining Magazine,2024,33(6):53-62.of the evolution of the global rare earth industry chain in the trade pattern of different products and the export competitiveness of major exporting countries(regions)is conducive to the optimization of China’s rare earth industry trade.Based on the trade volume of the global rare earth industry chain from 2000 to 2022,this paper uses the complex network method to establish a stochastic network and weighted network of product trade in the upstream,midstream and downstream stages of the rare earth industry chain through four types of rare earth products,and studies the evolution of product trade pattern in the upstream,midstream and downstream stages of the global rare earth industry chain and the export trade competitiveness of major exporting countries(regions)in each stage.The analysis of this paper shows that the trade of products in the upstream,midstream and downstream stages of the rare earth industry chain is characterized by a small number of countries holding a large trade volume,and the trade network at each stage is characterized by a small world,and the network of rare earth products in the midstream and downstream is significantly more compact than that of upstream rare earth ores,the export oligopoly index of rare earth ores in China shows a downward trend,and the oligopoly of rare earth products in the midstream and downstream has an absolute export advantage.China’s intermediary control capabilities and trade channels have relative advantages in the rare earth industry chain,but the United States and Germany also have strong export competitiveness in these two aspects.Therefore,China needs to strengthen the reserves of rare earth ores in the upstream,and the midstre

关 键 词：复杂网络 稀土产业链 贸易格局演化 出口竞争力 贸易网络 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F742[经济管理—国际贸易]