涉民营企业背信犯罪的立法拓展与司法限定——以《刑法修正案(十二)》为中心  

Legislative Expansion and Judicial Qualification on the Crime of Perfidy within Private Enterprises:Based on Amendment 12^(th) of Criminal Law

作　　者：王海军[1] Wang Haijun

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《法学杂志》2024年第3期39-55,共17页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：2023年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“检察机关依法精准有力惩治行贿犯罪研究”(项目编号:GJ2023D22);国家社会科学基金重大项目“社会主义核心价值观与我国商事立法完善”(项目编号:17VHJ001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民营企业内部背信行为的发生呈现高发扩张的态势,为践行平等公正的企业产权保护政策,《刑法修正案(十二)》将民营企业内部背信行为纳入专属规制国有企业的罪名涵摄范围。实现民营企业内部背信犯罪的高效惩治,需要明确此类犯罪的保护法益和可罚性根据,抓住背信行为的本质——客观上违反坦诚义务,主观上须以图利或加害为目的。立法设置普通背信罪,不利于防止罪名适用扩大化的风险,先行设立公司企业层面的背信罪方为当前稳健务实的优选方案,同时注意畅通民营企业内部背信犯罪的出罪路径。在司法实操领域限缩犯罪对象、适用告诉才处理的刑事追诉机制、贯彻内外协同系统惩治的司法准则,以框定民营企业内部背信行为入罪的合理限度。The occurrence of perfidy within private enterprises is showing a high trend of expansion.In order to implement the equal and fair protection policy on enterprise property rights,the Amendment 12^(th)of Criminal Law has included perfidy within private enterprises in the scope of crimes which exclusively regulate state-owned enterprises.To achieve efficient regulation of the crime of breach of trust within private enterprises,it is necessary to clarify the protection of the legal interests and punishable basis of such crimes,and grasp the essence of breach of trust as objectively violating the duty of candor,and subjectively chasing the purpose of seeking profit or inflicting harm.Legislation on common crime of perfidy is not enough to prevent the risk of expanding the application of the crime.Primarily establishing the crime of perfidy at the corporate level is a current stable and pragmatic preferred solution.At the same time,attention should be paid to specify circumstance that do not constitute of crime of perfidy within private enterprises.In the field of judicial practice,measure should be taken to limit the target of crime;to apply the criminal prosecution mechanism of"dealing only after telling",and to implement the judicia standards of internal and external coordination system punishment for framing the reasonable scope of crime of perfidy within private enterprises.

关 键 词：《刑法修正案(十二)》 民营企业 背信犯罪 告诉才处理 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]