制造业“专精特新”中小企业发展现状调研及对策分析  

Investigating and countermeasure analyzing of"SRDI"small and medium-sized enterprises developing of manufacturing industry

作　　者：皇甫刚[1] 李璐 HUANGFU Gang;LI Lu(School of Economics and Management,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China;School of Government,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学经济与管理学院,北京100024 [2]中国社会科学院大学政府管理学院,北京102488

出　　处：《新型工业化理论与实践》2024年第3期102-115,共14页Theory and Practice of New Industrialization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目编号:17BGL242)。

摘　　要：通过2023年1—6月对珠三角地区深圳市,长三角地区苏州市、无锡市、常州市和京津冀地区北京市、天津市、邢台市共33家制造业“专精特新”中小企业的现场调研,总结分析了当前制造业“专精特新”中小企业发展的特点,深入剖析了其存在的主要问题及其成因。第一,研发能力薄弱、技术升级迭代困难,原因在于技术人才短缺、招聘难。第二,绝大多数企业的技术水平处于中低端,一方面是中小企业所在的小众细分技术市场的产业集中度低,企业众多,但都体量小、实力弱,同质竞争;另一方面是技术模仿发展的“后发劣势”问题,使之自主研发、创新的动力不足。在此基础上,提出促进制造业“专精特新”中小企业产业升级和提升技术水平与创新能力的对策建议。第一,发挥大型央企及科研院所的退休技术人才的能力价值和余热,撬动这个巨量闲置的人力资源,打通其与广大“专精特新”中小企业的联系。第二,在细分技术市场领域,以“专精特新”中小企业为核心,助力提高所在产业的集中度。第三,支持探索有效产学研合作的方式方法。第四,提高“专精特新”中小企业在国家科研布局的参与度,借助企业家智慧提高我国科技创新的效率和效益。第五,鼓励、引导西部地区“双非”地方高校的本专科毕业生赴中东部地区县域“专精特新”中小企业就业。Through field investigation on 33"SRDI"small and medium-sized enterprises of manufacturing industry located in Shenzhen City in Pearl River Delta,as well as Suzhou City,Wuxi City and Changzhou City in Yangtze River Delta,and Beijing,Tianjin and Xingtai City in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from January to June 2023,the current development characteristics of these enterprises were summarized.The main problems and their causes were as follows.(1)The enterprises'R&D capability is weak and their technological advancement is difficult.The reason lies in the shortage of skilled personnel and the difficulty of recruiting them.(2)The technological level of the most enterprises is medium and low.The main reason is that the industry concentration in the niche technology market where small and mediumsized enterprises are located is low,and too many small and medium-sized enterprises are crowded in the same niche technology market,but all of them are small and weak,involved in homogeneous competition.The second reason is that the"backwardness disadvantage"of these enterprise's technology imitation development leads to insufficient power for independent R&D and innovation.On this basis,countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises were put forward.Firstly,giving full play to the capabilities of retired technological personnel from large enterprises and their research institutes and encouraging them to serve for the small and mediumsized enterprises.Secondly,improving the industry concentration of the niche technology market.Thirdly,supporting the exploration of ways and means for effective industry-university-research cooperation.Fourth,increasing the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the layout of national scientific and technological innovation,and improving the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation through entrepreneur's wisdom.Fifth,encouraging and guiding graduates from colleges and universities in the western region to find employmen

关 键 词：中小企业调研 制造业“专精特新”企业 产业升级 研发能力 技术创新 

分 类 号：F4[经济管理—产业经济]