科技革命演进中的世界高等教育中心转移及其特征  

The Transfer and Characteristics of World Higher Education Centers in the Evolution of Science and Technology

作　　者：田贤鹏 林巧 TIAN Xianpeng;LIN Qiao(Department of Education,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学教育学院,无锡214122

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2024年第4期55-67,共13页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学项目“拔尖创新人才自主培养的政策精准支持研究”(CGA230336)。

摘　　要：每一次科技革命的发生都必然带来高等教育的大发展,而每一次高等教育的大发展又进一步推动科技革命的新突破。纵观人类科技革命史和高等教育发展史可以发现:世界高等教育中心经历了从欧洲到北美洲的转移过程,且在新一轮科技革命背景下呈现多中心的新趋势。其中,第一次科技革命以机器替代手工为标志,引领世界高等教育的内外变革,奠定了以欧洲为中心的近代大学主旋律;第二次科技革命以电气的广泛应用为标志,高等教育成为推动第二次科技革命的主阵地,德国和美国相继主导世界科技的发展,世界高等教育中心开始从欧洲向北美转移;第三次科技革命以信息技术、新能源技术等为突破口,美国成为国际人才流动与集聚的世界高等教育中心,科技与教育深度互动的政产学研战略协同机制成为新的变革方向。在新一轮科技革命背景下,中国迅速崛起,多中心格局成为时代趋势,努力建成世界主要科学中心和创新高地成为中国实现创新驱动发展战略与教育强国战略的共同目标。从演变过程看,科技革命与高等教育的关系经历了从单向推动到双向联动的系统深化过程,世界高等教育中心的形成呈现动态演变的历史特征,受到教育内外部系统的多重因素影响。面向新时代,世界各国竞争趋势加剧,高等教育在国家发展和科技创新中的战略性地位得到进一步彰显,世界高等教育发展呈现竞合共存的局面。以中国为首的后发型国家在科技革命与高等教育的双向互动中将逐渐由“边缘”走向“中心”,成为影响世界高等教育发展的重要力量。Every science and technology(S&T)revolution inevitably accompanies the great development of higher education,and each great development of higher education will further promote new breakthroughs in the S&T revolution.Throughout the history of S&T revolution and higher education development,it can be found that the world higher education centers have undergone a transfer process from Europe to North America,and have shown a new trend of multi-center development in the context of a new round of S&T revolution.Among them,the first S&T revolution replaced manual labor with machines,leading the internal and external changes in higher education,and laying the foundation for the modern university theme centered around Europe.In the second S&T revolution which was marked by the widespread application of electrical appliances,universities became the main battlefield.Germany and the United States were leading the development of world science and technology,leading to the shift of world higher education center.The third S&T revolution took information technology,new energy technology,and other breakthroughs.The United States became the world higher education center where international talents gather.The strategic coordination mechanism of government-industry-university-research,which deeply interacts with technology and education,became a new direction of transformation.In the new round of S&T revolution,China is rapidly rising,and a multi-center pattern has become a trend of the times.Efforts to become a major scientific center and innovation highland in the world have become a common strategic goal for China to achieve its innovation driven development strategy and education power strategy.From the perspective of evolutionary characteristics,the relationship between S&T revolution and higher education has gone through a systematic process from one-way promotion to two-way linkage.The formation of world higher education centers presents a dynamic historical feature,influenced by multiple factors within and outside the educ

关 键 词：世界高等教育中心 科技创新 高等教育 科技革命 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]