新疆制种玉米生产机械化技术——去雄  

Mechanization technology for seed corn production in Xinjiang:Detasseling

作　　者：刘洋[1] 孟林[2] 李芳环[3] 胡圣尧 李斌[1] 王士国[1] 董云成 Liu Yang;Meng Lin;Li Fanghuan;Hu Shengyao;Li Bin;Wang Shiguo;Dong Yuncheng(Machinery Equipment Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi,832000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Shihezi Seed Management Station,Shihezi,832000,Xinjiang,China;Collage of Intelligent Manufacturing,Wuchang Institute of Technology,Wuhan,430065,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆兵团石河子市种子管理站,新疆石河子832000 [3]武昌工学院智能制造学院,湖北武汉430065

出　　处：《新疆农机化》2024年第3期5-7,34,共4页Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2023AB015);“兵团英才”人才培养工程项目。

摘　　要：新疆是我国重要的制种玉米种植区,玉米母本的雄穗去除是制种玉米种植的关键环节之一。受种植模式和去雄技术要求的影响,不同地区在去雄方法、机械去雄使用情况上存在不同。人工去雄可以根据雄穗的生长情况,选择性的去除,整个去雄期需要进行5~6次抽雄。机械去雄采用直接抽雄或者先切顶然后抽雄两种方法,抽净率为80%~95%,机械去雄对叶片的损伤较大,机械去雄后需要人工检查并对未去雄玉米母本再次抽雄。为了全面推广应用机械去雄技术,应进一步规范和提高适于机械化作业的种植模式、机械抽雄技术以及去雄机的整机性能。Xinjiang is an important planting area for seed corn in China,and the removal of male ears from corn females is one of the key aspects of seed corn planting.There are differences in the methods of tassel removal and the use of mechanical tassel removal in different regions due to the influence of planting patterns and technical requirements for tassel removal.Artificial emasculation can be selectively removed based on the growth of the tassel,and 5 to 6 draws are needed for the whole tassel removal period.Mechanical emasculation adopts two methods of direct emasculation or first cut the top and then emasculation,the extraction rate of 80%to 95%.However,mechanical emasculation causes more damage to leaves,and manual inspection and emasculation are required after mechanical emasculation.In order to comprehensively promote the application of mechanical emasculation technology,the planting pattern suitable for mechanized operation,mechanical emasculation technology and the overall performance of destemming machines should be further standardized and improved.

关 键 词：制种玉米 去雄 抽净率 

分 类 号：S224.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]