城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶暴露疾病负担研究  

Study on the disease burden of exposure to microbial aerosols in municipal wastewater treatment plants

作　　者：高婷婷 蔡传尊 陈诺 GAO Tingting;CAI Chuanzun;CHEN Nuo(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China;Construction&Management Bureau of North Hubei Water Transfer Project,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,陕西西安710048 [2]鄂北地区水资源配置工程建设与管理局,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《西安工程大学学报》2024年第3期83-91,共9页Journal of Xi’an Polytechnic University

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JQ-835);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(21JK0665)。

摘　　要：针对城市污水处理厂运行过程中产生微生物气溶胶,工作人员暴露于气溶胶环境可经呼吸摄入致病性微生物,最终造成健康寿命损失的问题,通过对污水处理厂空气中气溶胶颗粒及其携载的病原体进行定量识别,明确工作人员的职业暴露风险,进一步结合微生物定量风险评估及疾病负担研究方法,以伤残寿命(disability adjusted life year, DALY)为健康评价指标,提出基于DALY的微生物气溶胶职业健康风险评估新模式及计算方法体系,并进一步遴选典型病原体进行疾病负担计算。结果表明:典型污水处理厂工作人员职业暴露过程中,经气溶胶摄入诺如病毒、腺病毒和轮状病毒造成的健康损失均明显高出WHO标准,需改进工艺或限制接触。Municipal wastewater treatment plant workers,who are exposed to the microbial aerosol generated during the operation environment,can inhale pathogenic microorganisms through breathing,which ultimately causes loss of healthy life span.In response to this problem,this study quantitatively identifies aerosol particles and the pathogens they carry in the air of wastewater treatment plants.It also clarifies the occupational exposure risks faced by workers.By combining quantitative risk assessment of microorganisms with disease burden research methods,the study employs the disability adjusted life year(DALY)as a key health evaluation index.A new model and calculation method system for microbial aerosol occupational health risk assessment based on DALY were proposed,and further selection of typical pathogens for disease burden calculation was conducted.The results show that during the occupational exposure process of typical wastewater treatment plant workers,the health losses caused by inhaling norovirus,adenovirus,and rotavirus through aerosols are significantly higher compared with WHO standards,and process improvement or restriction of exposure is needed.

关 键 词：城市污水处理厂 气溶胶 微生物 职业健康风险 疾病负担 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]