新西兰工党主导思想嬗变探析  

The Evolution of the New Zealand Labour Party's Dominant Ideology

作　　者：刘诗苑 Liu Shiyuan

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871

出　　处：《当代世界社会主义问题》2024年第1期78-88,166,167,共13页Issues of Contemporary World Socialism

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“澳新地区左翼运动发展态势研究”(21CKS040)。

摘　　要：从1916年建党伊始至1935年首次上台执政,新西兰工党的主导思想为劳工主义。其后该党的主导思想根据时代发展和政党自身现实状况不断进行变革和调整:1935年首届工党政府上台后从劳工主义转向社会民主主义,1984年第四届工党政府上台后从社会民主主义转向新自由主义,1999年第五届工党政府上台后从新自由主义转向“第三条道路”。该党当前的主导思想是多元化政治思想的融合体。该党主导思想的嬗变既与新西兰社会经济文化发展的历史特点有关,也受到了前殖民社会和英国宪政体制的影响,呈现出四个特点:政治光谱上从左到右再到中间偏左的转变;在英国化和本土化之间寻求平衡;关键性转变往往发生在上台执政期;务实主义和经济发展的现实需求掣肘工党主导思想的演变。新西兰工党主导思想的复杂嬗变轨迹,凸显了该党思想的适应性变革和务实的政治经济诉求。The dominant ideology of the New Zealand Labour Party was labourism from its founding in 1916 until it first came to power in 1935.Since then,the dominant ideology of the party has been undergoing new changes and shifts according to the development of the times and the reality of the party itself.After the first Labour government came to power in 1935,it shifted from labourism to social democracy.After the fourth Labour government came to power in 1984,it shifted from social democracy to neo-liberalism.After the fifth Labour government came to power in 1999,it shifted from neo-liberalism to the“Third Way”.The party's current dominant ideology is a fusion of diverse political ideas.The evolution of the party's dominant ideology is related to the historical characteristics of New Zealand's socio-economic and cultural development,and is also influenced by the former colonial society and the British constitutional system.It presents four features:a shift from left to right and then to the left of center on the political spectrum;a search for a balance between Britishness and nativism;a critical shift often occurs during the period of coming to power;and pragmatism and the realities of economic development are restraining the evolution of Labour Party's dominant ideology.The complex trajectory of evolution of the dominant ideology of the New Zealand Labour Party highlights the adaptive change of the party's ideology and its pragmatic political and economic aspirations.

关 键 词：新西兰工党 劳工主义 新自由主义 弱劳工主义 多元化政治 

分 类 号：D761.2[政治法律—政治学] D564[政治法律—中外政治制度]