4BL-1型白萝卜联合收获机缨叶聚拢装置优化与试验  

Optimized design and experiment of the tassel gathering mechanism for 4BL-1 type white radish combine harvester

作　　者：肖霄 谢方平[1,2] 赵周桥 王修善 刘大为 赵云[3] XIAO Xiao;XIE Fangping;ZHAO Zhouqiao;WANG Xiushan;LIU Dawei;ZHAO Yun(Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Key Laboratory oF Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment,Changsha 410128,China;Qixingtai Agricultural Service Center,Zhijiang City,Hubei Province,Zhijiang 443204,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,长沙410128 [2]智能农机装备湖南省重点实验室,长沙410128 [3]湖北省枝江市七星台农业服务中心,枝江443204

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第11期38-47,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600300-4-6)。

摘　　要：为解决白萝卜机收过程中因缨叶聚拢不全导致损失率与损伤率高、切头合格率低等问题,该研究依据白萝卜缨叶物理力学特性,设计了一种白萝卜缨叶聚拢装置,以实现白萝卜缨叶从田间自然“半散开”状态聚拢成束,利于后续拔取作业。构建白萝卜缨叶聚拢装置运动学模型,确定“拢缨速比”的取值范围;构建装置结构参数和前进速度、拢缨速比及作业姿态等运动参数及拢叶机构倾角对缨叶聚拢性能影响的数学模型,并求解出各因素优选区间。以缨叶聚拢成功率、缨叶破损率为评价指标,开展三因素三水平正交组合试验,依据响应面法分析各因素对二者的影响效应,并对模型进行优化。试验结果表明:缨叶聚拢成功率影响显著性顺序为前进速度、拢缨速比、拢叶机构倾角;缨叶破损率影响显著性顺序为拢缨速比、拢叶机构倾角、前进速度;最优参数组合为:前进速度0.4 m/s、拢缨速比3.9、拢叶机构倾角86.3°。在最优参数组合下开展台架试验验证,结果表明:缨叶聚拢成功率、缨叶破损率分别为92.04%、8.81%,满足拔取式白萝卜联合收获机缨叶聚拢需求。研究结果可为白萝卜收获机械的设计提供参考。White radish has been one of the most popular root vegetables in recent years.The mechanized production of white radish often includes the ploughing,planting,managing,cleaning,and post-processing of mature products.Among them,the harvesting has been the weakest degree of mechanization in the production.The"Picking type"harvesting can serve as the joint harvesting for the white radish.The tassel can also be operated to realize the clamping,conveying,and tassel-cutting processes.Therefore,the gathering quality of the tassel can directly determine the overall harvesting.However,only a few reports focused on the tassel gathering of white radish.In this study,a tassel-gathering mechanism was designed for the white radish,according to the tassel's physical properties and fracture mechanics.The complete gathering of tassels was achieved in the highly qualified rate of cutting head with the low loss and damage rate in the process of machine harvesting.The gathering of white radish tassels into bundles was realized from the natural"semi-prostrate"state in the field,particularly for the operation of the subsequent links.A kinematic model of tassel gathering mechanism was constructed to propose the concept of"tassel-gathering speed ratio".The optimal range was learned during mathematical modeling;The mathematical model was constructed to explore the influence of structural and key motion parameters(such as the forward speed,tassel gathering speed ratio,and the installation angle of the tassel gathering mechanism)on the tassel performance.The mathematical model was then used to determine the performance of tassel gathering.The optimal structure and motion parameters of the tasseled gathering mechanism were solved to consider the complexity of the field environment and the unfavorable control of variables in the test.An indoor bench test was carried out to combine with the theoretical analysis.The influenced factors were taken as the forward speed,tassel gathering speed ratio,and installation angle of the tassel gathering mec

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 白萝卜 联合收获机 缨叶聚拢 

分 类 号：S225.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]