严寒地区混合垂直通风猪舍环境质量评价  

Evaluating the indoor environment quality of pig house with hybrid ventilation system in the severe cold region

作　　者：王朝元[1,2,3] 马晓春 党昊昱 方志伟 梁超 王钰 WANG Chaoyuan;MA Xiaochun;DANG Haoyu;FANG Zhiwei;LIANG Chao;WANG Yu(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environment,Beijing 100083,China;Zhengda Agricultural Science Research Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京市畜禽健康养殖环境工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [4]正大农业科学研究有限公司,北京100005

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第11期204-211,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：科技创新2030“新一代人工智能”重大项目课题(2021ZD0113801)。

摘　　要：为探究垂直通风系统(屋顶与粪坑混合排风)在寒区猪舍中的适应性,该研究在秋冬季节对内蒙古某规模化猪舍的热湿与空气质量环境进行了实时连续监测,并根据测试结果对猪舍环境质量进行评价。结果表明:1)测试期间,舍内平均温度、相对湿度以及氨气(NH_(3))、二氧化碳(CO_(2))、总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particulate, TSP)浓度分别为22.7℃、59.6%、6.5 mg/m^(3)、2 200 mg/m^(3)、2 915μg/m^(3),舍内通风量为0.34~0.39 m^(3)/(h·kg),各环境指标基本满足生产环境阈值要求;保育期间舍内有效环境温度范围为27.1~30.7℃,存在轻度热应激情况,占总监测时间的12.9%;2)舍内温度、相对湿度与NH_(3)、CO_(2)、TSP浓度空间分布不均匀系数分别为0.01、0.15、0.45、0.03、0.15,各环境参数空间分布均较为均匀;3)试验单元(U1、U3)猪的平均日增质量、料重比与死淘率分别842和818 g/d、2.68和2.79、1.68%和1.31%,生产性能良好。综上,不设吊顶的侧墙进风,屋顶与粪坑混合排风的垂直通风系统,总体上能够满足严寒地区猪舍秋冬季热湿环境与空气质量调节需求,保证良好的生产性能。A ventilation system can often dominate a controllable environment in a pig house.A vertical ventilation system with roof and manure pit exhaust fans has been introduced into some newly built pig houses in Northern China,in order to improve the microclimate environment.However,it is still unclear on the adaptability of this ventilation system in cold seasons.This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the ventilation system in northern China.A field measurement was also performed in the newly built pig house using the vertical ventilation pattern in Inner Mongolia.The pig house was equipped with air inlets on the sidewalls,while there was no ceiling inside.Two independent units(U1 and U3)of the pig house were selected for the experiment.Portable monitoring unit(PMU)and particulate concentration monitoring unit(PCMU),internet of things(IoT)-based environmental monitoring devices,were developed to continuously measure indoor temperature,relative humidity,carbon dioxide(CO2),ammonia(NH3)and total suspended particulate matter(TSP)concentrations in autumn and winter.Ventilation rate was also recorded with the feed intake,feed conversion ratio,mortality,initial and final average weight of the pigs.Then,the adaptability of the vertical ventilation was evaluated in the extremely cold climate using the indoor thermal,air quality and spatial uniformity of the pig house with production performance.Results show that the average temperature and relative humidity during measurement were 22.7℃and 59.6%in the ranges of 18.2-29.2℃and 38.6%-82.1%,respectively.Meanwhile,the average ventilation rate fluctuated at 0.34-0.39 m^(3)/(h∙kg).Seasonal means of NH_(3),CO_(2) and TSP concentrations were 6.5 mg/m3,2200 mg/m^(3) and 2915μg/m^(3),which were fluctuated in 3.1-12.3 mg/m^(3),1244-3400 mg/m3,1563-4215μg/m^(3),respectively.The thermal and air quality environment of the pig house was generally controlled in a suitable state for pigs.While effective environmental temperature was 27.1-30.7℃in the pig house during the nurse

关 键 词：通风 温度 相对湿度 猪舍 适应性 热湿环境 空气质量 

分 类 号：TU264.3[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]