多腔室秸秆原位炭化还田设备设计  

Design of the multi-chamber equipment for corn straw in-situ returning carbonization

作　　者：姚宗路 张帅帅 贾吉秀 霍丽丽 李粤[2] 朱本海 李媛 赵立欣[1] YAO Zonglu;ZHANG Shuaishuai;JIA Jixiu;HUO Lili;LI Yue;ZHU Benhai;LI Yuan;ZHAO Lixin(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Institute of Science and Technology Information,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]海南大学机电工程学院,海口570228 [3]中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海口571101

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第11期212-219,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1701500);中国农业科学院重大科技任务—旱地固碳减排增产协同技术研发与示范。

摘　　要：原位炭化还田技术可将田间秸秆就地直接转化为生物炭,改善土壤结构,解决秸秆直接还田腐解慢、出苗率低、病虫害严重等问题。但目前炭化还田设备仍存在炭化不均匀,运行稳定性差,生产效率低等问题。该研究基于精准控氧控温炭化要求,在前期样机基础上,创新研发了立式多腔限域式炭化反应器,研制强化物料定向流动的多翅片型扰动部件,并运用ANSYS Workbench进行仿真模拟和结构优化,研制热解气清洁燃烧及高温烟气换热回用系统,集成秸秆捡拾粉碎系统及田间作业机具,研制立式多腔室秸秆原位炭化还田设备。以玉米秸秆为原料进行炭化试验,设备秸秆处理量为500 kg/h,生物炭产率为125 kg/h,固定碳含量为50.30%,系统能量利用率为70.66%,产出的炭达到Ⅰ级生物炭还田标准,燃烧烟气中颗粒物、NO_(x)、SO_(x)等排放均满足国标要求,整机系统运行稳定,满足设计标准,为秸秆直接炭化还田提供了技术及装备支撑。In-situ returning carbonization can directly convert the straw into biochar in the field.It is of great significance to improve the soil structure and soil fertility.The costs of collection,storage,and transportation can be reduced to solve the slow decomposition,low emergence rate,as well as serious pests and diseases in straw directly returning to the field.Previous research focused mainly on carbonization returning equipment.It is still lacking in the reactor section in large-scale production,uneven carbonization,operational stability,and production efficiency in the current equipment of carbonization returning.This article aims to develop multi-chamber equipment for corn straw in-situ returning carbonization,according to the precise oxygen and temperature control carbonization.A precise structure of air distribution was adopted to innovate a vertical multi chamber in the limited area of the carbonization reactor using the early prototype.The spiral disturbance component was designed to enhance the directional flow of materials.ANSYS software was used to simulate the structural optimization.The heat-transfer properties of metal were used to develop a clean combustion system for pyrolysis gas,together with a high-temperature flue gas heat exchange and reuse.In addition,the systems were further integrated,such as picking and crushing,silo conveying,continuous carbonization,flue gas cleaning and reuse,as well as the control.The vertical multi-chamber equipment was innovatively designed for the corn straw in-situ returning carbonization.A 20 kW/h generator was equipped to provide the energy consumption for all motors,in order to meet the needs of field work.The continuous transportation and carbonization of materials were achieved in the carbonization reactor.The high-temperature flue gas reuse was improved to reduce the equipment energy consumption for high carbonization and operational efficiency.In addition,a carbonization experiment was conducted using corn straw as the raw material.The equipment was also oper

关 键 词：秸秆 热解原位炭化 生物炭还田 设备 能量分析 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]