以粪污水热资源化为核心的高效种养结合系统分析与展望  

Analysis and perspective of a highly-efficient planting-breeding integration system based on hydrothermal resource utilization of animal wastes

作　　者：徐永洞 刘志丹[1] XU Yongdong;LIU Zhidan(Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy(E2E),Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,农业农村部设施农业工程重点实验室,环境增值能源实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第12期1-12,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.U21A20162,52261145701)。

摘　　要：种养结合系统是实现养殖业和种植业可持续发展的重要途径。水热技术可以将畜禽粪污快速直接转化生产生物原油、水热炭、水相产物和气体产物,生成物分别具有燃料、土壤改良、农用杀菌剂和气体肥料应用潜力,以粪污水热资源化为核心构建的高效种养结合系统有助于提升畜禽粪污的无害化资源化水平和消纳能力、构建生态可持续的绿色循环农业,实现畜禽粪污资源化利用、种植业和养殖的协同高效发展。该研究基于国内外近十余年的研究,系统综述了粪污水热资源化产物在种养结合生态循环农业模式中的作用和应用潜力,论述了畜禽粪污水热转化生物原油在农业内燃机中作为燃料的研究现状,阐述了水相产物作为潜在的农用杀菌剂在作物病害防控中的作用,梳理了畜禽粪污源水热炭在转化机理、理化特性和还田应用中的研究进展,分析了气相产物中的组分和用于温室种植的潜力。在此基础上总结了以粪污水热资源化为核心的高效种养结合系统面临的主要挑战,并对水热资源化产物农业循环应用的研究方向进行展望。研究为畜禽粪污水热资源化和高效种养结合系统研究提供理论参考。The planting-breeding integration system is an important pathway to achieve the sustainable development of both animal husbandry and crop yield.Currently,the large-scale farming leads to highly concentrated animal waste,which is difficult to manage and process in a short period.Moreover,the manure contains environmental risks such as organics,heavy metals,antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant genes,which affect the existing ecological cycle system.Hydrothermal technology can convert animal waste into bio-oil,hydrochar,aqueous products,and gas products,with potentials in fuel,soil improvement,phytopathogen control,and greenhouse gas fertilization applications,respectively.According to over a decade of researches,an ecological cycling agricultural model called"planting-breeding integration system based on hydrothermal resource utilization"is proposed.This article systematically reviews the role and application potential of hydrothermal conversion products from animal waste:discusse the current research status of hydrothermal conversion of animal waste into bio crude oil as fuel for agricultural internal combustion engines;elucidates the role of aqueous products as potential agricultural fungicides in crop disease prevention and control;summarizes the research progress of hydrochar from animal waste in physicochemical characteristics,and field application;and analyzes the components of gas-phase products and their potential for greenhouse planting.Through calculation based on previous studies,hydrothermal conversion technology has significant energy and ecological benefits in constructing a new type of integrated farming model.Taking fresh swine manure with a water content of 80%as an example,after hydrothermal conversion,the produced bio-oil can generate approximately 2000 MJ of energy as fuel;the aqueous product contains high contents of nitrogen and phosphorus elements,presenting significant potential as fertilizer and exhibits important anti-pathogen efficacy.Additionally,the produced 0.1-0.12 t of hydrochar via

关 键 词：畜禽粪污 水热炭 生物炭 水热转化 生物原油 种养结合系统 农作物病害防控 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]