铲齿-双滚筒组合式花生捡拾装置研制  

Pickup device with shovel teeth and double cylinders for the bunch of peanuts

作　　者：高连兴 梁港平 蔡依琳 冯伟志 杨亚洲[1] 刘娟[3] 杨建刚 GAO Lianxing;LIANG Gangping;CAI Yilin;FENG Weizhi;YANG Yazhou;LIU Juan;YANG Jiangang(College of Engineering and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Jinan Jimeile Power Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250100,China;Peanut Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Zhengzhou Shuangfeng Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Dengfeng 452400,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春130118 [2]济南吉美乐电源技术有限公司,济南250100 [3]河南省农业科学院花生研究所,郑州450002 [4]郑州市双丰机械制造有限公司,登封452400

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第12期13-22,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51575367);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0702102);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20122103110009)。

摘　　要：两段收获是国内花生机械化收获主要方式。大中型花生捡拾收获机所配置的弹齿滚筒式捡拾装置结构复杂且易损坏,捡拾过程中不仅存在植株抛起、壅堆、漏捡和掉果等问题,弹齿弹出地面时也会造成扬尘,严重制约了花生收获作业效率、增加花生损失,加剧环境污染。针对上述问题,该研究在分析弹齿滚筒捡拾花生过程基础上,提出了由铲齿、拨秧滚和捡拾滚(简称双滚筒)构成的花生捡拾机构,研制出相应的捡拾装置样机并进行田间性能试验;基于Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理,以植株捡拾率和荚果落果率为试验指标以机组前进速度,捡拾速比和铲齿半径为试验因素进行了正交试验,并对试验因素进行优化。试验结果表明,铲齿-双滚筒组合式花生捡拾装置作业中不存在植株抛起、壅堆和弹齿扬尘等问题;在田间试验条件下,作业速度为1.2 m/s、捡拾速比为1.2、铲齿半径为498 mm时,花生植株捡拾率均值为99.22%,落果率均值为1.84%,均优于花生捡拾作业标准要求。铲齿-双滚筒研究结果对解决国内花生捡拾收获机存在的捡拾问题具有重要意义。Two-stage peanut harvesting is one of the most popular mechanized ways in China.Among them,the commonly used pickup device can be equipped with the spring teeth cylinder in large and medium-sized picking and harvesting machines.There are some challenges,including plant throwing,stacking,missing picking,and fruit falling damage.At the same time,the spring teeth can circularly scratch into and out of the ground during the operation of the pickup device,leading to dust.The efficiency of peanut picking and harvesting can be seriously restricted to increase the loss of pods falling during harvesting.The action of the pickup time on the ground has also exacerbated the dust pollution.This study aims to combine the structure of the toothed drum mechanism in the new type of pickup device with the shovel teeth and double-cylinders for bunch upright peanuts.According to the upright peanut plant shape,strip laying,motion posture and dynamics during picking,the peanut pickup device consisted of shovel teeth,a pushing cylinder,and a picking cylinder(referred to as a double cylinder).The better performance of picking peanuts was achieved in the sequential coordination with four beats of shovel pluck pick delivery.The traditional single-toothed drum pickup device was replaced in this case.The shovel tooth structure of the circular arc working surface was designed to determine the range of shovel tooth radius using geometric relationships.The structure of pushing teeth and picking teeth was designed with a backward inclination angle.The structure and rotation radius of two rollers were determined to design the semi-enclosed protective plate structure with the specific parameters.The motion parameters of the unit were obtained to simulate the range of picking speed ratio after ADAMS simulation.A prototype of a combined peanut pickup device was conducted to develop the shovel teeth,picking cylinder,pushing cylinder,and half guard board in field performance tests.According to Box Behnken central combination design,an orthogonal expe

关 键 词：农业机械 收获机 花生 捡拾装置 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]