女性主义视角下山西晋商大院空间特征研究:分隔、等级与教化  

Study on Spatial Characteristics of Shanxi Merchants’Courtyard Houses from the Perspective of Feminism:Segregation,Hierarchy and Moralization

作　　者：任丹丹 Ren Dandan

机构地区：[1]太原学院

出　　处：《城市建筑》2024年第12期38-42,共5页Urbanism and Architecture

基　　金：2023年度山西省高等学校一般性教学改革创新立项项目“习近平‘人民城市’理念融入城市管理专业建设的路径研究”(J20231445)。

摘　　要：中国传统社会的家庭生活深受儒家伦理思想浸润,这种影响在民居建筑层面体现出高度伦理化和礼制化的特点。传统社会男女有别且社会、家庭分工不同,居住空间作为主要的活动空间呈现出明显的性别分异特征。文章基于空间的社会性特征,从女性主义的研究视角出发,通过对国内目前保存相对完好的北方传统民居——山西民居的典型代表晋商大院进行实地调研的基础上,提炼山西晋商大院基本院落单元,从日常活动的角度区分不同功能下的女性空间组织模式,结合典型晋商大院的案例验证,从分隔、等级、教化三个主要方面分别对晋商大院的空间特征进行分析、归纳和总结,得出男女日常活动空间隔离化、男女主要活动空间等级化及建筑雕饰题材对男女教化目标的差异化等三个主要特征。本研究能够丰富和充实传统民居和女性空间研究领域的内容。Family life in traditional Chinese society was deeply influenced by the thoughts of Confucian ethics,which is characterized by highly ethnics and moralization in residential buildings.Chinese courtyard houses are highly ethicized and formalization.In traditional societies,men and women were isolated and given different social and family responsibilities.As the main activity space,courtyard houses also reflect gender characteristics.Based on the characteristics of society shown in space,from the perspective of feminism,this paper conducts field investigation on the typical representatives of Shanxi Merchants’courtyard houses,extracts the basic courtyard units of Shanxi Merchants’courtyard houses,and distinguishes the female spatial organization models with different functions from the perspective of daily activities.Combined with the case study of a typical Shanxi Merchant’s courtyard house,the spatial characteristics of Shanxi Merchants’courtyard houses are analyzed, generalized and summarized from three main aspects of segregation, hierarchy and moralization. It is concluded that there are three main characteristics, including the segregation of men’s and women’s daily activities, the hierarchy of men’s and women’s main activity space, and the differentiation in the moralization goals by architectural carvings and decorative themes for the men and women. The paper will enrich the contents in research field of traditional courtyard houses and female spaces.

关 键 词：山西民居 女性空间 空间伦理 空间模式 

分 类 号：TU241.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU-024