基于GIS的中外城市集居住宅朝向对比分析  

Comparative Analysis on the Orientation of Chinese and Foreign Urban Residential Quarters Based on GIS

作　　者：兰兵[1] 王硕 Lan Bing;Wang Shuo

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院

出　　处：《城市建筑》2024年第12期98-107,共10页Urbanism and Architecture

摘　　要：居住建筑是城市中占比最大,同时也是对朝向敏感度最高的建筑类型,其朝向选择的差异性在很大程度上影响了城市的物质空间形态。研究表明,在我国的城市居住建筑中,南北向是主要的朝向,选择较为单一;国外的城市居住建筑的朝向则显得灵活多样。为验证此结论,文章以建筑气候区划为依据,筛选相同气候条件下的国内外城市进行对比,借助GIS软件对居住建筑的朝向分布进行统计,并对量化结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,中国大部分城市集居住宅表现出明显的、强烈的南北向特征,而国外大部分城市集居住宅在朝向选择上更为多样,在比较的城市当中,中国的城市集居住宅选择南北向的平均比率是国外的近2倍。Residential buildings account for the largest proportion in the city and are also the building type with the highest orientation sensitivity.The difference in orientation selection largely affects the physical and spatial form of the city.Researches in urban residential buildings shows that the north-south orientation is the main choice in China,and the selection scope of buildings is relatively small,while the orientation of urban residential buildings in other countries is flexible and diversified.In order to verify this argument,based on building climate zoning,this paper compares Chinese and foreign cities under the same climate conditions,and then makes a statistics of the orientation direction of the residential buildings with GIS,and then conducts comparative analysis on the quantitative results.The research results show that most urban residential buildings in China exhibit strong north-south orientation characteristics,while most urban residential buildings in other countries have more diversified orientation choices.Among the cities compared,the probability of choosing a north-south orientation in China is nearly twice of that in other countries.

关 键 词：集居住宅 建筑朝向 建筑气候区划 GIS 

分 类 号：TU241[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]