激光在钛制压力容器焊前清理上的应用  

Application of Laser in Pre-welding Cleaning of Titanium Pressure Vessel

作　　者：刘鸿彦 李卫华 孙修圣 LIU Hongyan;LI Weihua;SUN Xiusheng(Nanjing Baose Co.,Ltd.,Technical Center,Nanjing 211178,China)

机构地区：[1]南京宝色股份公司技术中心,江苏南京211178

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第6期74-79,共6页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：焊前清理是钛制压力容器制造过程中必不可少的关键步骤。采用激光清理技术对钛制压力容器的换热管与管板焊接接头进行了空间型结构的焊前清理试验,并对比了激光与常规打磨或丙酮清洗的传统焊前清理方式对焊接气孔产生及热影响区的影响。结果表明,激光清理方式对空间型结构的具有较高的可达性,对钛试板坡口的焊前清理效果优异,能够有效去除钛材表面的油脂、氧化物等污染物,显著降低焊接气孔的产生倾向,并可以抑制焊接接头热影响区“黑眼圈”的产生;焊后外观颜色与未处理区域相比,色差极小,几乎不影响焊缝外观;激光清理试样的抗拉强度分别为498 MPa和515 MPa,均高于GB/T3621—2007标准规定的400 MPa的最小抗拉强度要求。试验研究表明,激光清理工艺可以代替打磨、金属磨头刮擦、丙酮清洗等传统清理方式,为钛制压力容器的制造提供了一种高效、环保的新技术途径。Pre-weld cleaning is an essential step in the manufacturing process of titanium pressure vessels.This study applied laser cleaning technology to conduct pre-weld cleaning tests on the spatial structure of the welded joints between heat exchange tubes and tube sheets in titanium pressure vessels.It compared the effects of laser cleaning with conventional methods such as grinding or acetone cleaning on the generation of welding porosity and the impact on the heat-affected zone.The results indicate that laser cleaning has a high accessibility for spatial structures,providing excellent pre-weld cleaning effects on the beveled edges of titanium test plates.Test plates cleaned with laser technology can effectively reduce the tendency to produce welding porosity defects and suppress the occurrence of"black eye"phenomena in the heat-affected zone of the welded joints.The color difference between the post-weld appearance and the untreated area is minimal,hardly affecting the appearance of the weld.The tensile strengths of the laser-cleaned samples were 498 MPa and 515 MPa,respectively,both exceeding the minimum tensile strength requirement of 400 MPa as stipulated by the GB/T3621—2007 standard.The experimental study demonstrates that the laser cleaning process can replace traditional cleaning methods such as grinding,metal grinding head scraping,and acetone cleaning,offering an efficient and environmentally friendly new technological approach for the manufacture of titanium pressure vessels.

关 键 词：激光清理 纯钛TA2 焊前清理 压力容器 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学] TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]