白车身金属3D打印钢板与普通低碳钢异质材料点焊可焊性分析  

Analysis of Spot Weldability on Mixed Combination of 3D-Printing Metal Steel with Low-carbon Steel in Body-in-white

作　　者：孙海涛 SUN Haitao(SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201805,China)

机构地区：[1]上汽大众汽车有限公司,上海201805

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第6期99-105,共7页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：白车身局部采用金属3D打印钢板进行焊接与连接,但装配后白车身总成的可靠性一直缺乏定量的全面评价结果。采用金属3D打印钢材与普通低碳钢钢板进行点焊试验,首先验证了双脉冲参数点焊工艺规范更适用于3D打印钢板与低碳钢钢板之间的连接。在此基础上,进行了焊点接头拉剪强度、微观组织、白车身行李箱盖总成疲劳强度和耐久性测试试验,验证了实际零件点焊质量的可靠性。试验表明,3D打印钢板与低碳钢钢板点焊接头的抗拉强度与普通钢板点焊试样非常接近;3D打印钢板侧快速生成了熔核,低碳钢与熔核之间形成了钎缝;3D打印钢侧的焊点疲劳强度要大于低碳钢侧,在行李箱盖总成耐久性测试后,其功能性完好无损。研究验证了金属3D打印钢零件可作为零件功能性认证,同时也为其将来逐步成为个性化零件装车提供了技术可能性。Considering the advantages of short deliver time and high precision of 3D-printing metal sheets,these special metal sheets could be used for welding and joining of body-in-white.Nevertheless,the reliability of body-in-white with these 3D-printing metal sheets has lacked quantitative and comprehensive evaluation results.By conducting spot welding experiments of combination of 3D-printing metal steel with normal low-carbon steel,and actual parts(reinforced parts in the inner assembly of rear lid),dual-pulse parametric spot welding process specification is more suitable for 3D-printing metal steel with normal steel from the point of view on experimental methods.Accordingly the welding process parameters,weld nugget tensile-shear force,microstructure,fatigue tests and durability tests for opening and closing of rear lid,reliability of real spot-welded parts are verified.These results show that the tensile strength of the spot welded joints between 3D-printing metal steel and normal steel is very close to that of the spot welded specimens of ordinary steel sheets;the 3D-printing metal steel side rapidly generates weld nugget while a brazing seam is formed between the normal steel and the nugget;the fatigue strength of the weld joints on the 3D-printing metal steel side is greater than that on the normal steel side,and is functionally intact after the durability testing of rear lid.The substitution of 3D-printing steel parts for traditional steel parts in technical verification is then validated as a conclusion.It also offers the technical possibility to gradually become a customized-personalized parts fitting vehicle in the future.

关 键 词：金属3D打印 微观组织 拉剪试验 疲劳试验 耐久性测试 

分 类 号：TG453.9[金属学及工艺—焊接]