革新与局限:明代嘉隆时期的庄田清理  

Innovation and Limitation:Rectification of Croplands During the Jiajing and Longqing Period(1522-1572)

作　　者：乔宇 Qiao Yu

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第3期105-114,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

摘　　要：为消除成化以来庄田制度的弊端和增加户部收入,嘉隆时期明廷开展了规模较大的庄田清理运动。嘉靖前期涉及范围从京畿扩展至全国,因京畿的问题严重,嘉靖七年始,清查的重点复聚焦于此。嘉靖十六年后,庄田清理陷入长期停滞,到二十八年时逐渐复苏。受军费增加的影响,庚戌之变以来庄田清理工作呈现出“先税银后田土”的特点。隆庆时期明廷对庄田的裁革标准及土地规模皆做出明确规定,清理工作到隆庆五年时基本结束。然而,嘉靖隆庆二帝在清查庄田、限制奏讨时具有明显的回护性,解送户部的庄田资产也被滥用。这些局限不仅影响了嘉隆之后的庄田整理,还为明末庄田的再度扩张留下了隐患。In order to reform the shortcomings of the cropland system since the period of Chenghua reign and increase the income of the ministry of revenue,the Ming government of Jiajing and Longqing period carried out a large-scale rectification of croplands.In the early period of Jiajing,the scope of the investigation was extended from the capital city to the whole country.Because of the serious problems in the capital city,the key point of the investigation was focused on this region since the seventh year of Jiajing period.After the sixteenth year of Jiajing period,the rectification of croplands fell into a long-term stagnation,and gradually recovered in the twenty-eighth year of Jiajing period.Affected by the increase of military expenditure,the croplands' rectification showed the characteristics of "handling silver first and land second".During Longqing period,the Ming Court made clear regulations on the reduction standards and the scale of croplands,and the rectification of croplands was basically finished in the fifth year of Longqing period.However,the Jiajing and Longqing government obviously adopted some protective misconducts in checking the croplands and restricting the scrounge of croplands,and the croplands' assets sent to the ministry were also abused.These limitations not only affected the rectification of croplands after Jiajing and Longqing period,but also left hidden dangers for the re-expansion of croplands in the late Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：嘉靖 隆庆 庄田 户部 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]