中国和欧美国家养殖业抗生素使用负面问题及管理政策比较  

Negative issues of antibiotic use in livestock and management policies comparison between China,the United States,and the European Union

作　　者：贾亚楠 唐忠[1] JIA Yanan;TANG Zhong(School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第6期1205-1219,共15页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国人民大学中国乡村振兴研究院“乡村振兴的国际经验与分区域路径研究”课题。

摘　　要：畜禽养殖中抗生素的使用无疑推动了该产业的快速发展,但也引起了其耐药性威胁公共健康和养殖业可持续发展的担忧。本文系统梳理了兽用抗生素的使用,抗生素负面问题的显现、认知和管理政策的变化,分析了中国、美国、欧盟管理政策的差异及其背后的原因。本文认为,我国在推进农业现代化进程中:应长期关注养殖业中抗生素使用可能带来的负面问题,加快生产方式的绿色转型;应提升公众对抗生素耐药性的认识,引导公众参与遏制耐药性发展的行动;应考虑我国的发展目标,吸取美国因利益集团阻挠而反应缓慢的教训,综合考虑成本和收益,发挥我国的体制优势,找到政策上的最优解;支持、推动全球抗生素管理的国际协同行动。Antibiotic use in livestock has undoubtedly propelled the rapid development of the industry,however,also it has also raised concerns on the threat of antibiotic resistance to both human health and livestock sector sustainability.This paper systematically reviews on-farm antibiotic use,the emergence and acknowledgment of antibiotic resistance,as well as antibiotic management policy evolution.Furthermore,it examines the differences in management approaches between China,the United States,and the European Union and the reasons behind these differences.The paper argues for the necessity of China,in its pursuit of agricultural modernization,to continuously pay attention to the adverse impacts associated with antibiotic usage in livestock,expedite the transition towards sustainable livestock production practices,raise public awareness of antibiotic resistance,and foster community engagement in combating the resistance development.It further recommends that China,in formulating optimal policy responses,should align with its developmental goals,learn lessons from the United States′delayed response due to lobbying pressures,balance the social costs and benefits of antibiotic use,and leverage its institutional strengths.The paper advocates for China′s active support and engagement in international efforts to enhance global antibiotic management.

关 键 词：兽用抗生素使用 抗生素耐药性 政策演变 国际比较 

分 类 号：S859.796[农业科学—临床兽医学]