发达国家地膜应用及回收处理  

Plastic mulch film application and management:experience from developed countries

作　　者：严昌荣[1] 侯靖岳 徐运赟 洪志杰 马志刚 崔吉晓 YAN Changrong;HOU Jingyue;XU Yunyun;HONG Zhijie;MA Zhigang;CUI Jixiao(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit,Beijing 100125,China;Center of International Cooperation Service,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Foreign Economic Cooperation Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]德国国际合作机构东亚办公室,北京100125 [3]农业农村部国际交流服务中心,北京100125 [4]农业农村部对外经济合作中心,北京100125

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第6期1288-1293,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(32261143459);云南省严昌荣专家工作站项目(202305AF15009);中德农村塑料升级管理项目(12.1003.8-264.01)。

摘　　要：本研究采用数据资料分析的方法,系统梳理了欧盟和日本地膜产品和相关标准、地膜应用与回收处理的做法和成效。结果显示:欧盟和日本使用的地膜产品以传统有色地膜为主,厚度多≥0.02 mm,是我国地膜厚度的两倍以上,相关标准要求也高于我国;欧盟和日本地膜多用于蔬菜等园艺作物上,收集处理系统完善,地膜回收率多在80%以上,基本不存在地膜残留污染问题;欧盟大部分国家和日本有较完善的废弃物管理立法,没有专门针对地膜的法律条文;由于地膜的回收率高、含杂率低,回收回来的地膜多可得到合理再利用;地膜全产业链有很好的设计与应用,值得我国学习。Data and report analysis methods were used to systematically review the European Union and Japan′s plastic film products and related standards,as well as the practices and effectiveness of plastic film application and recycling.The results showed that:The plastic film products used in the European Union and Japan were mainly traditional colored plastic films,with a thickness of≥0.02 mm,which is more than twice the thickness of plastic films in China.The relevant standard requirements were also higher than those in China.The European Union and Japan mainly used plastic films on horticultural crops such as vegetables,with complete collection and processing systems.The plastic film recovery rate was over 80%,and there was basically no problem of residual plastic film pollution.Most European Union countries and Japan had relatively complete waste management legislation,without specific legal provisions for plastic films.Due to the high recovery rate and low impurity content of plastic films,most of the recovered plastic films could be reused reasonably.The entire industry chain of plastic film had excellent design and application,which is worth learning from in China.

关 键 词：地膜产品与标准 地膜应用模式 地膜回收处理方式 政策法规 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]