短期磷耗竭对褐土磷形态及细菌群落的影响  

Investigating the influence of short-term phosphorus depletion on phosphorus forms and the bacterial community in cinnamon soil

作　　者：马秀国 杨华薇 左强[2] 马良[2] 王胜涛 颜芳 张蕾 陈竹 陈延华[2] MA Xiuguo;YANG Huawei;ZUO Qiang;MA Liang;WANG Shengtao;YAN Fang;ZHANG Lei;CHEN Zhu;CHEN Yanhua(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center,Beijing 100074,China;School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [3]北京市耕地建设保护中心,北京100074 [4]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第6期1312-1325,共14页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260804);北京市农林科学院团队促进项目(ZHS202301);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般045);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901500,2022YFD1901505);贵州大学培育项目(贵大培育〔2020〕8号)。

摘　　要：磷肥是作物高产的一个重要保障,然而过量施磷及其低利用率,易造成土壤中磷的累积,加剧磷矿耗竭和水体富营养化风险。因此研究土壤中累积磷素的耗竭特征,能为提高土壤累积磷的高效利用和降低环境风险提供理论依据。本研究以玉米为试验作物,以初始有效磷含量分别为17.23 mg·kg^(-1)(T1)、40.2 mg·kg^(-1)(T2)、108.62 mg·kg^(-1)(T3)和181.33 mg·kg^(-1)(T4)的褐土为供试土壤,通过盆栽试验,以连续种植5茬玉米的方式耗竭土壤中的累积磷,分析磷耗竭过程中土壤有效磷、磷形态(改进的Hedley法测定)、土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的变化。结果表明,褐土磷耗竭过程中,有效磷含量总体呈下降趋势,而且初始含量越高,降幅越大。对于活性磷组分,T1处理显著升高,T2、T3和T4处理显著降低;中等活性磷含量降低,在耗竭中呈现先降低后升高的趋势,主要受稀盐酸提取态磷(Dil.HCl-Pi)和氢氧化钠提取态有机磷(NaOH-Po)的影响;稳定性磷含量升高,其中主要为浓盐酸提取态无机磷(Conc.HCl-Pi)和残渣态磷(Residual-P)含量升高。土壤有效磷和有机质与磷形态显著相关。磷耗竭过程影响了细菌群落结构和组成,T4处理最为明显。在门分类水平上,T4处理蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)等相对丰度在耗竭过程中显著下降;芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)等相对丰度在耗竭过程中显著上升;在属分类水平上,类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、norank_f_AKYG1722和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)等相对丰度在耗竭过程中显著下降;norank_f_67-14和沙壤土杆菌(Ramlibacte)等相对丰度在耗竭过程中显著上升。属分类水平上相对丰度前40的多个细菌属与有效磷、活性磷、有机质显著相关。类诺卡氏菌属和节杆菌属等可能会促进中等活性磷转化为有效磷和活性磷;微枝形杆菌属和斯克尔曼氏菌属等则可能利用土壤中的稳定性磷。褐土磷耗竭会降低土壤有效磷�Phosphorus(P)fertilizer is crucial for high crop yields.However,excessive P application and its low utilization efficiency can lead to the accumulation of P in the soil,exacerbating the depletion of P resources and the risk of water eutrophication.Therefore,studying the depletion characteristics of accumulated P in the soil can provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficient utilization of accumulated P in the soil and reducing environmental risks.This study employed corn as the experimental crop and cinnamon soil with initial Olsen-P contents of 17.23 mg·kg^(-1)(T1),40.20 mg·kg^(-1)(T2),108.62 mg·kg^(-1)(T3),and 181.33 mg·kg^(-1)(T4)as the tested soil.Through controlled pot experiments,we consecutively cultivated five cycles of corn to deplete the accumulated P content in the soil.We analyzed changes in soil Olsen-P content,P forms(determined using an improved Hedley method),soil physicochemical properties,and bacterial community structure during the process of P depletion.During the process of P depletion in cinnamon soil,the Olsen-P content showed an overall decreasing trend,with higher initial levels resulting in greater declines.In the context of the active P component,treatment T1 displayed a significant increase,whereas treatments T2,T3,and T4 showed substantial decreases.The moderate decreases in active P content,exhibiting a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing during depletion,were primarily influenced by Dil.HCl-Pi and NaOH-Po.The stable P content showed an increase,primarily ascribed to the increased levels of Conc.HCl-Pi and Residual-P.Notable correlations existed between the content of soil-Olsen-P,organic matter,and various P forms(NaHCO3-Pi,NaHCO3-Po,and NaOH-Pi).P depletion altered the structure and composition of bacterial communities,with the T4 treatment demonstrating the most significant effect.At the phylum level,the T4 treatment induced a significant decline in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria throughout the depletion process.The relative abundance of Gemmati

关 键 词：褐土 磷耗竭 有效磷 磷形态 土壤性质 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]