1981—2020年东北地区地理要素对四季开始时间的影响分析  

Influence of Geographic Elements on the Beginning of Four Seasons in Northeast China for the Period of 1981-2020

作　　者：张瑜 孟鑫 刘扬 廖斌 曾胜兰[4] ZHANG Yu;MENG Xin;LIU Yang;LIAO Bin;ZENG Shenglan(Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology,Beijing 100029,China;Dandong Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning,Dandong 118000,Liaoning,China;National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;College of Atmospheric Science,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]北京应用气象研究所,北京100029 [2]辽宁省丹东市气象局,辽宁丹东118000 [3]国家气象中心,北京100081 [4]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,成都610225

出　　处：《山地学报》2024年第2期154-163,共10页Mountain Research

基　　金：地理信息工程国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKLGIE2021-ZZ-8)。

摘　　要：经度、纬度、海拔高度等地理要素影响四季开始时间,其影响程度与性质、同一地理因素对不同季节的差异性影响等问题尚无定论。本文基于东北地区1981—2020年27个气象站逐日平均气温资料,采用候温法计算四季开始时间,分析四季开始时间时空分布,并使用偏相关分析法分析其与地理要素间的相关性。结果表明:(1)春季和夏季开始时间与海拔高度正相关,秋季和冬季开始时间与海拔高度负相关。春季开始时间与纬度正相关,秋季和冬季开始时间与纬度负相关。春季和夏季开始时间与经度正相关,冬季开始时间与经度负相关。(2)经度、纬度和海拔高度分别对四季开始时间有不同影响。春季开始时间受海拔高度影响最大、纬度次之、经度最小;夏季开始时间受海拔高度影响最大、经度次之;秋季开始时间受纬度影响最大、海拔高度次之;冬季开始时间受纬度影响最大、海拔高度次之、经度影响很小。(3)经度、纬度和海拔高度整体对不同季节开始时间影响程度不同,冬季受影响最大、春季其次、夏季和秋季受影响程度较小。本研究结果可为开展东北地区作物种植种类和作物选址提供科学指导,对促进东北地区农业、经济发展具有重要意义。Geographical elements such as longitude,latitude,and altitude have direct effect on the start time of four seasons;however,the extent and nature of the influences,and the variability in the extent on which the same geographical element affects different seasons,had not yet been revealed,particularly for Northeast China,where the rising temperature with prolonged/shortened seasons have been significantly changing the structure of forestry for years.In this study,based on original the records of daily mean temperature of 1981-2020 collected at 27 meteorological stations established over northeast China,it used a pentad mean temperature method to calculate the start time of four seasons,and then their spatio-temporal distribution subjected to geographical elements was addressed by partial correlation analysis.(1)In Northeast China,the beginning dates in spring and summer was positively correlated with altitude,but the dates in autumn and winter was negatively correlated with altitude.The beginning date in spring was positively correlated with latitude,but the dates in autumn and winter was negatively correlated with latitude.The beginning date of spring and summer was positively with longitude,but the date in winter was negatively correlated with longitude.(2)Longitude,latitude,and altitude had different impacts on the start of four seasons.The beginning date of spring was influenced most by altitude,second by latitude,and least by longitude.The beginning date of summer was influenced most by altitude,followed by longitude.The beginning date of autumn was influenced most by latitude,followed by altitude.The beginning date of winter was influenced most by latitude,second by altitude,and least by longitude.(3)Longitude,latitude,and altitude generally had different effects on the start of four seasons,with winter being the most affected,followed by spring,and to a lesser extent summer and fall.This study identified the start time of four seasons with associated influencing facts in Northeast China,which would provide a

关 键 词：四季开始时间 海拔高度 经度 纬度 偏相关分析 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]