先秦法家法治主义的理论构造与现代省思  

The Theoretical Structure and Modern Reflection of Pre-Qin Legalists'Rule of Law

作　　者：叶松奇 Ye Songqi(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报（综合版）》2024年第2期43-52,共10页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business(Comprehensive Edition)

摘　　要：先秦法家的法治理论包含法属性论、法运行论以及法价值论三个部分。在“法”的属性定位上,法家认为“法”作为一种以赏罚为内容的具有国家强制力的成文规范,有助于强化君权,调动民力,以实现富国强兵之目标,因而是君主治国理政的必要手段。在“法”的运行层面,法家设计了“君—吏—民”以及“君—吏”两条法治运行路径,试图将包括君主在内的全体社会成员都纳入国家法治体系之中,并实现政治权力的理性化运作。在“法”的价值层面,法家着力阐述了“法”应具备的内在品格,包括法的公开性与可理解性、稳定性与内在统一性、社会适应性以及普遍性与权威性,认为这是法治能够高效运行的重要保障。法家法治理论对当代法治建设仍有借鉴价值,但要实现与现代法治理念的对接,还须经过三方面的重构与转化:君主中心主义的民主化转向,法律工具主义的主体性升格以及法律价值属性的现代性改造。The rule of law theory of Pre-Qin legalists includes three interrelated contents:the attribute theory of law,the operation theory of law and the value theory of law.In terms of the attribute and orientation of"law",legalists believe that"law",as a kind of written norm with national coercive force with the content of reward and punishment,is helpful to strengthen the monarchy and mobilize the people to achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the army,so it is a necessary means for the monarch to govern the country.In the operation level of"law",legalists designed two legal operation paths of"Monarch-Official-People"and"Monarch-Official",trying to bring all social members including the monarch into the national legal system and realize the rational operation of political power.On the value level of"law",legalists focus on the inherent character of"law",including the openness and understanding ability,stability and internal unity,social adaptability,universality and authority of law,which is an important guarantee for the efficient operation of the rule of law.The rule of law theory of the legal family still has a reference value for the construction of the contemporary rule of law,but to realize the docking with the modern concept of the rule of law,it is still necessary to go through three aspects of reconstruction and transformation:the democratization of monarch-centrism,the subjective upgrading of the instrumentalism of the law,and the modernization of the value attributes of the law.

关 键 词：先秦法家 法治理论 法的属性 法治运行 价值构造 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]