秦及汉初钱币统一的方式及其困境  

The Way and Predicament of the Unification of Coins in Qin and Early Han Dynasties

作　　者：冉艳红 Ran Yanhong

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2024年第3期40-53,共14页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：古文字与中华文明传承发展工程规划项目“中国文书简的理论研究与体系构建”(批准号:G1424)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：战国秦汉以来集权化国家的形成,伴随着其对于人、物等资源管控需求的提升,而其前提在于资源的标准化、单位化,从而可计量,度量衡和钱币的统一均是由此而发展出的国家统治技术。但因秦半两钱本身的差异较大,律令规定“美恶杂之”及不可择钱,以期通过混杂而实现均平。钱币自身价值不同,却被强制界定为无差别,导致其双重价值的形成。在以赋税为中心的钱币使用体系下,择钱屡禁不止,恶钱充官府。国家不断要求不可择钱,反而固化了钱币的双重价值。而放铸又带来权柄下移等问题,钱币问题成为秦汉国家的瘤疾。秦汉钱币的统一与当时实际的技术水平、经济状况及统治能力存在矛盾,可由此加深对帝制中国的理解。The formation of the centralized state since the Warring States period,Qin and Han dynasties,accompanied by the need to master human and material resources,and its premise was that resources could be standardized and unitized so that they could be measured.The unified length,capacity,weight and coins were all the technology of governace developed for this purpose.However,the Ban-liang(半两)coins of Qin were quite different from each other,so the law stipulated that good and bad coins were mixed,and coins cannot be chosen,in order to make different coins mixed and equal.The value of coins itself was different but forced to be the same,which led to the formation of dual value.Under the coin system centered on taxation,choosing coins could not be banned,resulting in bad coins flooding the government.The government continued to demand that coins cannot be chosen,but instead solidified the dual value.And casting had brought about problems such as the demotion of power,and the coin problem had become a chronic disease of the Qin and Han dynasties.The unification of coins of the Qin and Han dynasties was in conflict with the actual technical level,economic situation and governing ability at that time,and we can better understand the unification of imperial China.

关 键 词：半两钱 钱币统一 统治技术 择钱 

分 类 号：K875.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]