钻柱振动的主被动控制研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect in active and passive control of drill string vibration

作　　者：李欣业[1] 高赫远 郭晓强 张文学 阳君奇 杨杰 LI Xinye;GAO Heyuan;GUO Xiaoqiang;ZHANG Wenxue;YANG Junqi;YANG Jie(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;Hebei Ruizhao Laser Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan,Hebei 064300,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学机械工程学院 [2]中国石油塔里木油田公司 [3]河北瑞兆激光机电工程有限公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2024年第6期98-110,共13页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“钻杆纵—扭耦合非线性振动及其控制研究”(编号:11972145)、“深海天然气水合物固态流化开采立管气—液—固三相流致振动特性研究”(编号:52105125);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“深海天然气水合物开采管柱—吸力锚—海床系统耦合振动特性及失效机理研究”(编号:236Z4103G);河北省自然科学基金项目“深海采矿水力提升管多体系统流固耦合动力学响应及振动控制机理研究”(编号:E2023202060);自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室开放课题“深海天然气水合物开采管柱—吸力锚—海床系统耦合振动特性及失效机理研究”(编号:KLGH-2023-04);中国科学院天然气水合物重点实验室(中国科学院广州能源研究所)开放课题“深海天然气水合物开采立管多场耦合非线性振动特性研究”(编号:E229kf15)。

摘　　要：在油气井钻进作业过程中,钻柱长期工作在充满钻井液的狭长井筒里,其受到井底压力、摩擦、岩石硬度变化的影响,受力情况非常复杂,会产生多种形式的振动,这些是影响钻具寿命和钻进效率的最主要因素。为系统分析工程界和学术界长期以来普遍关注的钻柱系统振动的有效控制问题,对近几十年来国内外在钻杆振动控制上使用的各种方法进行了分类和归纳,总结了各种方法的特点、应用场景以及不足之处,并对钻柱系统振动控制技术的发展趋势进行了展望。研究结果表明:(1)现有的钻柱振动主动控制主要集中于单一方向(扭转振动)和2个方向的耦联振动(纵扭耦联振动),且控制参数主要集中于钻压和扭矩,仅控制单方向的振动和单参数的调节,效果将很难保证;(2)被动控制是通过改变钻柱系统自身的结构或设计参数来抑制其振动,控制过程不受结构响应和外部干扰的影响,虽然效果有较大的局限性,但仍应在设计阶段给与足够的重视;(3)今后钻柱振动控制将朝着同时基于地面和井下测量数据,纵、横、扭3个方向联合控制的方向发展。结论认为,钻杆振动往往是几种基本振动形式的耦联,并具有明显的非线性特征,基于数据驱动的钻进系统动力学建模、考虑模型不确定性的现代鲁棒自适应控制技术以及新兴的人工智能技术将会成为未来钻柱振动研究和发展的主流趋势。In the drilling process of oil and gas wells,drill string operates in a narrow wellbore filled with drilling fluid for a long time.Under the influence of bottom-hole pressure,friction and rock hardness change,it undergoes complex stress and generates different forms of vibration.These are the main factors influencing the service life and drilling efficiency of the drilling tool.The effective control of drill string system vibration has long been a common concern in the engineering and academic fields.In order to systematically analyze this problem,this paper categorizes and summarizes various methods used for drill string vibration control over the past few decades.Based on this,the characteristics,application scenarios and deficiencies of these methods are summarized.In addition,the development trends of the drill string system vibration control technologies are predicted.And the following research results are obtained.First,the existing active control of drill string vibration mainly focuses on single-direction vibration(torsional vibration)and two-direction coupled vibration(longitudinal-torsional coupled vibration),and the control parameters mainly focus on weight on bit(WOB)and torque.It only controls the single-direction vibration and the single-parameter regulation,so the effect is hardly satisfactory.Second,the passive control is to suppress the vibration of drill string system by changing its structure or design parameters,and its control process is not influenced by structural response and external interference.The control effect has greater limitation,but it still deserves enough attention in the design stage.Third,the drill string vibration control will develop to the coupled vibration control in longitudinal,transverse and torsional directions based on both surface and downhole measurement data.In conclusion,drill string vibration is often the coupling of several basic vibrations,and has obvious nonlinear characteristics,so data-driven drilling system dynamics modeling,modern robust adaptive control

关 键 词：钻杆耦联振动 主动控制 被动控制 智能控制 数字驱动建模 随钻测量 

分 类 号：TE242[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]