2010~2021年重庆市主要河流水质时空变化特征分析  

Water quality spatial and temporal variation characteristics in major rivers in Chongqing Municipality,2011~2021

作　　者：范家贞 李荣荣 席宁哲 赵文艳 张陶 蒲俊兵 FAN Jiazhen;LI Rongrong;XI Ningzhe;ZHAO Wenyan;ZHANG Tao;PU Junbing(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycle and Carbon Regulation of Mountain Ecosystems,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学山区生态系统碳循环与碳调控重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331 [2]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第6期22-29,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0022);重庆市水文监测总站科研项目(2022-178);重庆师范大学基金项目(21XRC002)。

摘　　要：重庆市地处三峡库区,是长江上游的重要生态屏障区,揭示其地表水水质变化特征对评估长江生态环境变化具有重要意义,然而目前其大范围、长时间尺度的地表水质特征分析还较为欠缺。基于2011~2021年重庆市主要流域中的18条河流,共44个河流监测断面的11 a水质数据,采用单因子分析法和水质类别比例法对水质变化进行分析。结果表明:①重庆市河流水质情况整体较好,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面占比从2012年开始逐渐上升并趋于稳定,水质状况评价均为优。②总体河流水质在汛期与非汛期变化趋势大致相同,但非汛期Ⅳ~劣Ⅴ类水质断面占比低于汛期,整体非汛期水质更好。③川江流域段下游水质明显好于上游,整体上自三峡水库2010年达到175.00 m蓄水位以来,川江流域的水质一直维持较好状态,水质类别多维持在Ⅱ类,实现了国定目标。④不同流域之间水质存在一定差异,水质最好的为嘉陵江流域,其次是涪江、川江和乌江流域。⑤川江、嘉陵江和涪江流域在汛期的水质状况比非汛期差,而乌江流域在两个时段水质状况变化一致。通过对重庆市地表河流进行长时间序列的水质评价,可为河流水资源保护及治理提供参考,以期提升市域水环境质量,促进城市的可持续发展。Chongqing Municipality is located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,an important ecological barrier area in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River.It is important to reveal the surface water quality variation characteristics in Chongqing for assessing the ecological and environmental changes in the Changjiang River.However,the analysis of surface water quality characteristics on a large scale and long time scale is still lacking.Based on the historical data from 2011 to 2021,the 11-year water quality data of 44 river monitoring sections in the main 18 river basins of Chongqing were analyzed by single factor analysis and water quality category ratio method.The results showed that:①The overall water quality of rivers in Chongqing was good,with the proportion of ClassⅠ~Ⅲwater quality sections gradually increasing and stabilizing since 2012.The evaluation of water quality conditions was excellent.②The temporal variation trend of the water quality between the flood and non-flood seasons was roughly the same.However,the proportion of ClassⅣto inferior ClassⅤwater quality sections in the non-flood season was lower than that in the flood season,and the overall water quality was better during the non-flood season.③The water quality in the lower reaches of the Chongqing section of the Changjiang River Basin was significantly better than that in the upper reaches.Overall,since the Three Gorges Reservoir reached the storage level of 175.00 m in 2010,the water quality in the Chongqing section of the Changjiang River Basin has maintained a better state,with water quality categories mostly maintained in ClassⅡ,achieving the national target.④There were some differences in water quality between different basins.The best situation was in the Jialing River Basin,followed by the Fujiang River Basin,the Chongqing section of the Changjiang River Basin,and the Wujiang River Basin.⑤The water quality of the Chongqing section of the Changjiang River Basin,Jialing River Basin,and Fujiang River Basin was worse in the

关 键 词：河流水质 时空变化 单因子分析法 水质类别比例法 影响因素 重庆市 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]