武汉市东湖底泥污染风险评估及精细化清淤研究  

Study on sediment pollution risk assessment and fine desilting in East Lake,Wuhan City

作　　者：张枫 桂梓玲 ZHANG Feng;GUI Ziling(Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Water Environment Treatment in the Yangtze River Basin,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [2]湖北省长江流域水环境综合治理工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第6期45-52,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目“湖北典型城市湖泊水生态保护修复关键技术研究及示范”(2020BCA073);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-DFZD-44);湖北省科技创新人才计划科技人才服务企业项目(2023DJC137)。

摘　　要：城市浅水湖泊泥-水界面营养物质交换强烈且频繁,底泥污染释放对上覆水体影响显著,是浅水湖泊污染的主要途径之一。以武汉市东湖为例,采用氮磷综合污染指数法和静态释放试验方法,评估底泥污染风险,并综合考虑清淤工艺及水生植物分布等因素,精确确定清淤范围及厚度。结果表明:东湖底泥总氮和有机质含量分布具有较高的协同性,总磷与有机质含量之间呈弱相关;东湖上、中、下层底泥氮磷综合污染指数分别为0.85~11.39,0.52~7.40和0.49~6.33,大部分区域处于轻度污染—重度污染范围;东湖清淤深度以29.04~110 cm为宜。研究成果可为东湖水环境综合治理及类似城市浅水湖泊治理提供理论依据和技术支撑。Nutrient exchange at the sediment-water interface is intense and frequent in urban shallow lakes,and the release of sediment pollution has a significant impact on the overlying water,which is one of the main sources of pollution in shallow lakes.Taking East Lake in Wuhan City as an example,two methods including the nitrogen and phosphorus comprehensive pollution index method and static release test were used to assess the sediment pollution risk.Then,the sediment desilting range and thickness were accurately determined taking into account factors such as the desilting process and distribution of aquatic plants.The results show that there is a high synergism between the distribution of total nitrogen and organic matter in the sediment of East Lake,while the correlation between total phosphorus and organic matter is weak;the comprehensive pollution indexes of nitrogen and phosphorus in the upper,middle and lower sediment layers of East Lake are 0.85~11.39,0.52~7.40 and 0.49~6.33,respectively,and most of the areas are in the range of light pollution to heavy pollution;the dredging depth of 29.04~110 cm is recommended in East Lake.The research results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the comprehensive treatment of the water environment in East Lake and other similar urban shallow lakes.

关 键 词：浅水湖泊 内源污染 底泥污染物 释放速率 清淤 综合污染指数法 静态释放试验 东湖 武汉市 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]