β-内酰胺类抗菌药物皮试阴性患者出现过敏反应的临床特征及影响因素分析  

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of allergic reaction in patients with negative skin test of β-lactam antibiotics

作　　者：吕慧 王梦芝[1] 谢家隆[2] LV Hui;WANG Meng-zhi;XIE Jia-long(Department of Pharmacy,Chang’an Hospital,Dongguan 523843,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]东莞市长安医院药学部,广东东莞523843 [2]东莞市人民医院药学部,广东东莞523000

出　　处：《中国处方药》2024年第6期84-87,共4页Journal of China Prescription Drug

基　　金：2021年东莞市社会发展科技重点项目(20211800904972)。

摘　　要：目的探讨β-内酰胺类抗菌药物皮试阴性患者出现过敏反应的临床特征及影响因素分析。方法回顾性分析2021年10月~2023年2月β-内酰胺类抗菌药物皮试检测为阴性的230例患者的临床资料,根据患者过敏反应发生情况将其分为过敏反应组和非过敏反应组,记录过敏反应组患者的临床特征,并采用单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选β-内酰胺类抗菌药物皮试阴性患者出现过敏反应的相关危险因素。结果本研究过敏反应发生率为15.65%,以瘙痒、皮疹、风团为主;两组患者年龄、慢性呼吸系统疾病史、联合用药、低蛋白血症、慢性肾功能不全、恶性肿瘤等一般资料对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、慢性呼吸系统疾病史、联合用药、低蛋白血症、慢性肾功能不全、恶性肿瘤均是β-内酰胺类抗菌药物皮试阴性患者出现过敏反应的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论β-内酰胺类抗菌药物皮试阴性患者过敏反应受年龄、慢性呼吸系统疾病史、联合用药、低蛋白血症、慢性肾功能不全、恶性肿瘤等多种因素影响。Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of allergic reaction in patients with negative skin test of β-lactam antibiotics.Methods From October 2021 to February 2023,the clinical data of 230 patients with β-lactam antibiotics were retrospectively analyzed.According to the occurrence of allergic reactions,the patients were divided into the anaphylaxis group and the non-anaphylaxis group.The clinical characteristics of patients in the anaphylaxis group were recorded.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of allergic reaction in patients with negative skin test of β-lactam antibiotics.Results In this study,the incidence of anaphylaxis was 15.65%,mainly pruritus,rash and wind cluster.Age,chronic respiratory disease history,combined medication,hypoproteinemia,chronic renal insufficiency,malignant tumor and other general data were compared between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,history of chronic respiratory diseases,combined medication,hypoproteinemia,chronic renal insufficiency,malignant tumor were independent risk factors for allergic reactions in patients with negative skin tests of β-lactam antibiotics(P<0.05).Conclusion The allergic reaction of patients with negative skin test of β-lactam antibiotics is affected by age,chronic respiratory disease history,combined medication,hypoproteinemia,chronic renal insufficiency,malignant tumor and other factors.

关 键 词：Β-内酰胺类抗菌药物 皮试阴性 过敏反应 临床特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：R969[医药卫生—药理学]