军用无人机出口在土耳其进取性外交中的角色与作用  

The Role and Function of Military Drones Export in Turkiye's Enterprising Diplomacy

作　　者：李捷 冀保冰 Li Jie;Ji Baobing

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心、中亚研究所 [2]兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心、政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2024年第3期103-124,174,175,共24页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于美国国会上世纪40年代涉疆档案的美国新疆政策起始研究”(22&ZD235)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：阿拉伯剧变后,土耳其外交中的进取性导向日趋明显。在此背景下,土耳其有意将无人机出口作为外交工具,服务于进取性外交政策。凭借国际市场不断增长的无人机需求,土耳其得以利用无人机出口强化军事政治关系、交换所需利益、间接干预地区冲突、改善双边关系,对内巩固了土耳其外交政策的国内基础,对外塑造了对土耳其有利的地区地缘格局,且拓展了土耳其地缘政治影响力,整体上取得了一定成效。然而,无人机本质上属于军事武器,土耳其以对外军售的形式来拓展自身影响,其局限性也较为明显,主要体现为:军用无人机出口凸显了土耳其外交理念的内在矛盾,弱化了其人道主义叙事效果;招致土耳其地缘竞争对手的反制,增加其地区竞争压力;加剧了全球无人机扩散,损害了土耳其试图建立的“负责任”国际形象。After the Arab Spring,Turkiye's enterprising orientation in diplomacy has become increasingly apparent.In this context,Turkiye intends to use military drones export as a diplomatic tool to serve its enterprising foreign policy.With the growing demand for military drones in the international market,Turkiye has been able to use military drones export to strengthen military and political relations,exchange needed interests,indirectly intervene in regional conflicts,and improve bilateral relations,which has consolidated the domestic foundation of Turkiye's foreign policy internally,shaped a favorable geopolitical pattern externally,and expanded Turkiye's political influence,achieving certain results overall.However,military drones are essentially military weapons.Turkiye expands its influence by means of foreign arms sales,which has obvious limitations,mainly reflected in the following aspects:military drones export highlights the inherent contradictions of Turkiye's diplomatic concept and weakens its effect of humanitarian narrative;military drones export has incurred counterattacks from Turkiye's geopolitical rivals and increased its regional competitive pressure;military drones export has intensified the proliferation of drones around the world and damaged the"responsible"international image that Turkiye is trying to establish.

关 键 词：同土耳其外交 无人机出口 “进取和人道主义外交政策” 地缘政治 

分 类 号：D837.4[政治法律—政治学]