制度信任与乡土韧性:农民工返乡建宅行动的呈现与反思  

Institutional Trust and Native Resilience:Presentations and Reflections of Rural Migrant Workers Returning to Their Hometowns to Build Houses

作　　者：何海清 HE Haiqing

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学社会与公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第3期124-141,共18页China Rural Survey

摘　　要：与城市商品房建设形成鲜明呼应的是农村自建房的高速增长。以往研究多将返乡建宅视为农民工在城乡户籍制度区隔和城市购房经济压力下无奈返乡后的被动选择,但这并不能解释农民工“既在城购房又返乡建宅”的现象。本文研究发现:在制度的设限保护和文化的内生驱动之下,农民工返乡建宅行动是以家庭中心主义为核心做出的主动、理性和经济的决策,并在制度与文化不同程度的耦合中主要呈现“自然”建宅、“占地盘式”建宅和“情怀式”建宅三种典型样态。返乡建宅潮下人口流动的逆城镇化、住宅布局的现代化、家庭结构的主干化,以及由此带来的村庄更新,在一定程度上改善了农村“空心化”状况,强化了农民工对制度的信任感,增进了乡土韧性。但未来仍须结合乡村振兴的在地化实践,注意农民工返乡建宅现象背后的农村土地资源分配、户籍制度改革、老年友好社区建设、农村自建房安全监管、乡土文化传承与创新等问题。Contrast to the construction of urban commercial housing is the rapid growth of rural self-built housing. Previous studies have attributed it to a passive choice that rural migrant workers are constrained by the urban household registration and face enormous financial pressure to buy houses, which is why they are forced to return to their hometowns to build houses. However,this does not explain the phenomenon of migrant workers “both buying houses in the city and returning to their hometowns to build houses”. This paper finds that driven by the restrictive protection of the system and the endogeneity of culture, the return of migrant workers to their hometowns for homestead construction is an active, rational, and economic decision made with family centrism as the core. In different degrees of coupling between culture and system, three typical types are presented: going with the flow,turf-occupying and sentiment-dominated. The counter-urbanization of population movement, the modernization of housing layout,the re-majorization of family structure, and the resulting renewal of villages in the context of the return to the countryside to build homes have ameliorated the hollowing out of the countryside to a certain extent, which has strengthened the trust of migrant workers in the system and increased the native resilience. However, in the future, it is still necessary to pay attention to many issues behind this phenomenon in conjunction with the localized practice of rural revitalization: fairness and justice in the allocation of rural land resources, the reform of the rural household registration system, the construction of age-friendly communities, the safety supervision of self-builthouses, and the inheritance and innovation of local culture.

关 键 词：返乡农民工 农村自建房 宅基地制度 乡土文化 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理] F301.2[社会学]