云贵高原战国秦汉时期锸形农具研究  

Research on Spade-shaped Agricultural Implements in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty

作　　者：陈亮吉 Chen Liangji

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《文博学刊》2024年第2期96-104,125,共10页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“秦汉统一多民族国家形成过程的考古学研究”(项目编号:LSYZD21018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：锸形农具作为战国秦汉时期云贵高原地区常见的生产工具,器形多呈长条形、梯形或“凹”字形,以铜制为主,兼有少量铁制品。因其形制与锄相近,部分考古报告常将两者并谈。在比对所出实物的装柄方式及梳理各型式锸形农具类型演变后,为突显该类器物于农事生产中起土、点种之用,有必要对其定名进行重新探讨。同时,通过类比周边地区同类器的更迭进程,可对云贵高原地区锸形农具滇西式、滇池式、越式、中原式的四种源流展开探寻,并从该地区不同时期锸形农具形制、功用由地域特征鲜明向中原地区靠拢的变迁,了解战国秦汉时期云贵高原地区汉文化“羁縻类型”的形成过程。The Spade-shaped agricultural implement is a common production tool in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau during the Warring States,Qin and Han dynasties.Most of them are elongated,trapezoidal or concave,primarily made of bronze,with a small amount made of iron.They are often confused with hoes in some archaeological reports due to their similar shape and form.After comparing the handle installation methods of the unearthed artifacts and sorting out the evolution of various types of spade-shaped agricultural implements,it is necessary to reconsider their naming in order to highlight their use in soil cultivation and seed planting in agricultural production.At the same time,by analogizing the succession process of similar tools in surrounding area,it is possible to explore the origins and developments of four types of spade-shaped agricultural implements in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau region:the Western Yunnan-style,the Dianchi-style,the Yue-style,and the Central Plains-style.This exploration further reveals the transition of these implements in terms of shape and functions in different periods in this region from distinct regional characteristics to convergence towards the Central Plains,expounding the formation pattern of the Jimi (羁縻),literally meaning loose rein type of Han culture in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region during the Warring States,Qin and Han dynasties.

关 键 词：云贵高原 战国秦汉 锸形农具 羁縻类型 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]