近自然经营对马尾松种群结构及分布格局的影响  

Effects on the Close-to-nature Management on Structure and Distribution Pattern of Pinus massoniana Population

作　　者：申鹏 周雯 柴宗政 Shen Peng;Zhou Wen;Chai Zongzheng(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China;Guiyang Forestry Bureau,Guiyang Guizhou 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵阳市林业局,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2024年第3期35-42,共8页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32001314)资助;贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合[2022]38号)资助;贵州大学培育项目贵大培育项目([2019]38号)资助。

摘　　要：以实施近自然经营10余年的马尾松林为研究对象,通过典型样地调查,并基于种群统计方法来探讨近自然经营对马尾松种群结构及分布格局的影响。结果表明:研究区马尾松种群对照和经营两种林分中,幼龄(Ⅰ、Ⅱ龄级)个体数量都很少、龄级分布不合理、种群结构不稳定。虽然近自然经营能够提升幼龄个体总体数量,但效果仍不理想。马尾松种群的个体数量优势可能会减弱,种群呈现衰退趋势。种群经过6个龄级的发展后,其结构逐渐呈稳定增长态势。马尾松种群总体呈现聚集分布的特点,且对照林分中马尾松种群的聚集程度明显高于经营林分。随着龄级增大,种群分布格局呈现聚集—均匀—随机分布的趋势;近自然经营能够加快种群分布格局向更为稳定的随机分布状态演替的进程。因此,研究区马尾松种群结构不合理的主要原因是幼龄个体数量不足,近自然经营可以在一定程度上改善种群结构和分布格局。建议在近自然经营的基础上结合人工促进天然更新的方式,提高幼龄个体数量,加快实现种群稳定可持续发展。This study takes Pinus massoniana forest after close-to-nature management for more than 10 years as the research object,through the investigation of typical sample plots and based on the method of population statistics to explore the effects of close-to-nature management on the population structure and distribution pattern of Pinus massoniana.The results show that:In the control and management of Pinus massoniana population in the study area,the number of young individuals(age classⅠandⅡ)is very small,the age class distribution is un-reasonable,and the population structure is unstable.Although close-to-nature management can increase the total number of young individuals,the effect is still not ideal.The individual quantity advantage of Pinus massoniana population may be weakened,and the population shows a declining trend.After the development of 6 age classes,the structure of the population gradually showed a steady growth trend.The population of Pinus massoniana showed the characteristics of aggregate distribution,and the aggregation degree of Pinus massoniana population in the control stand was significantly higher than that in the managed stand.With the increase of age class,the population distribution pattern shows the trend of aggregation-uniform-random distribution,and close-to-nature management can accelerate the succession process of population distribution pattern to a more stable random distribution.In summary,the main reason for the unreasonable population structure of Pinus massoniana in the study area is the insufficient number of young individuals.close-to-nature management can improve the population structure and distribution pattern to some extent.Therefore,it is suggested that on the basis of close-to-nature management,combined with artificial promotion of natural renewal,to increase the number of young indi-viduals and speed up the realization of stable and sustainable development of the population.

关 键 词：马尾松 近自然经营 种群结构 分布格局 

分 类 号：S757[农业科学—森林经理学]