原生口语的抢救性调查  

Rescue of Native Spoken Language:A Survey in Gansu Province

作　　者：郭奇军 Guo Qijun

机构地区：[1]广东金融学院广州货币金融博物馆,广东广州510521

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2024年第4期89-96,共8页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：广东金融学院科研启动项目(00005?KC2021005001215);清远市哲学社会科学2022年度规划课题(QYSK2022085)。

摘　　要：“原生口语”指文盲以口耳交际方式习得的一种口头话,具有语言面貌的原生性、表达的自然性和使用范围的封闭性等特点。调查原生口语,有助于深入认识自然口语的本来面貌,对比发现语文教育对口语的影响,深入认识一个地区的语言文化底层与语言使用特点。随着语文教育的普及和人口的自然老化,原生口语已位列濒危程度最高等级,成为亟待抢救性调查的重要语言资源与语言文化遗产。调查应遵循补救性原则、全面性原则、社会化原则和规范性原则,以确定调查的轻重缓急与具体实施策略和路径。文章对甘肃秦安话原生口语做了示例性调查,并归纳出其特点:词语层面,词汇量小,用词具体、土俗;句法层面,句子短小、结构简单;话语层面,冗余度高,逻辑性弱,语境依赖性强;语体层面,日常语体占主导性。The term‘native spoken language’denotes an oral linguistic form that illiterate individuals acquire via oral communication.It exhibits the inherent characteristics of a native language,including the originality of linguistic features,naturalness of expressions and a confined scope of usage.An investigation of native spoken language is pivotal for revealing the intrinsic aspects of natural spoken language and the impact of Chinese language education on oral languages,offering a profound understanding of the cultural foundation and linguistic utilization within a specific locale.Owing to the national promotion of standard Chinese education and the demographic transition towards an older population,native spoken language is now the most endangered variety,representing a critical important language resource and cultural heritage in dire need of preservation efforts.The investigation of naive spoken language should adhere to the tenets of prompt intervention,thoroughness,societal engagement,and standardization to ascertain the criticality,immediacy,and detailed methodologies for investigative undertakings.This article presents a model survey of the native spoken language in the Qin’an district of Gansu province,generalizing its distinctive features across lexical,syntactic,discursive,and stylistic dimensions.Lexically,it is characterized by a specialized and circumscribed lexicon,with vernacular and widespread terms.Syntactically,it is characterized by brevity of sentence construction and simplicity of structure.At the discourse level,it exhibits a high degree of redundancy,limited logical coherence,and a strong reliance on context.At the stylistic level,everyday vernacular constitutes its primary component.The methodology andfindings have implications for the preservation of endangered varieties of Chinese in China.

关 键 词：原生口语 文盲 濒危语言 抢救性调查 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]