人犬互动对犬刻板行为、皮质醇浓度的影响  

Effects of Human-dog Interaction on StereotypedBehavior and Cortisol Concentration in Dogs

作　　者：孙宁 赵禹 徐澍 朱启文[2] 付家琳 俞曦 修福晓 杨宇翔 潘彩霞 水映懿 黄和[2] SUN Ning;ZHAO Yu;XU Shu;ZHU Qiwen;FU Jialin;YU Xi;XIU Fuxiao;YANG Yuxiang;PAN Caixia;SHUI Yingyi;HUANG He(Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang,Liaoning 110034;Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavioral Cognition,Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang,Liaoning 110034;Tongling Public Security Bureau,Anhui Province,Tongling,Anhui 404100;People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]辽宁省行为认知重点实验室,沈阳医学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [3]安徽省铜陵市公安局,安徽铜陵244000 [4]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第6期43-49,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目2021年度面上项目(NO.3242021016);辽宁省教育厅2021年度科学研究经费项目(NO.LJKZ0073)。

摘　　要：犬在犬舍中刻板行为高发,为有效降低犬舍空间和条件不佳等应激因素,改善犬福利状态,本研究通过实施人犬互动,探讨其对刻板行为及皮质醇浓度的影响。人犬互动程序是训导员牵引犬到300 m2室外草坪区进行游戏,包括使用麻棒、网球等玩具及抚拍等方式,每次人犬互动时间为60 min,在互动过程中的第0、15、30、45、60、75、90 min采集唾液样本,用于检测唾液皮质醇;人犬互动试验持续20 d,在人犬互动前、后评估人犬互动对犬刻板行为的影响,并采集粪便样本,用于检测粪便皮质醇水平的变化。结果表明,犬的刻板行为表现为踱步、盘旋、犬舍转圈行走、墙反弹、食粪等。经过人犬互动后,犬的刻板行为明显降低(P<0.01),由32.7%±8.32%降至18.3%±2.27%;在3个工作犬品种中,人犬互动对马里努阿犬的影响最大。经过20 d的人犬互动,粪便皮质醇水平显著降低(P<0.01),互动前粪便皮质醇浓度457.0±17.80 pg/mg,互动后粪便皮质醇浓度241.8±17.71 pg/mg。犬的刻板行为与粪便皮质醇水平之间无相关性。在互动过程中,唾液皮质醇浓度显著且持续下降,由基础值4.0±0.30 nmol/L下降至2.4±0.28 nmol/L,互动结束30 min后,皮质醇浓度趋于恢复到基础水平,但低于基础水平。试验表明,定期进行每日30 min的人犬互动可以有效减轻犬刻板行为等应激反应。The study aimed to investigate the impact of human-dog interaction on stereotypical behaviors and cortisol levels in dogs housed in kennels to mitigate stress factors associated with limited space and poor conditions,thereby improving canine welfare.The human-dog interaction program involved trainers leading dogs to a 300 m 2 outdoor grassy area for games using toys such as sticks and tennis balls,as well as petting,with each interaction lasting 60 minutes.Saliva samples were collected at 0,15,30,45,60,75,and 90 minutes during the interactions to measure salivary cortisol levels.The human-dog interaction trial lasted 20 days,with evaluations conducted before and after interactions to assess their impact on stereotypical behaviors in dogs.Fecal samples were collected to measure changes in fecal cortisol levels.Results indicated that stereotypical behaviors in dogs included pacing,circling,walking in circles in the kennel,wall bouncing,and coprophagy.Following human-dog interactions,dogs'stereotypical behaviors significantly decreased(P<0.01),from 32.7%±8.32%to 18.3%±2.27%.Among the three working dog breeds,the Malinois showed the greatest response to human-dog interaction.After 20 days of interaction,dogs'fecal cortisol levels significantly decreased,with pre-interaction levels(P<0.01)at 457.0±17.80 pg/mg and post-interaction levels at 241.8±17.71 pg/mg.There was no correlation between stereotypical behaviors and fecal cortisol levels in dogs.Salivary cortisol levels significantly and consistently decreased during interactions,from a baseline of 4.0±0.30 nmol/L to 2.4±0.28 nmol/L,returning close to baseline levels 30 minutes after interactions but remaining below baseline levels.The study suggests that regular 30-minute human-dog interactions can effectively reduce stereotypical behaviors and stress responses in dogs.

关 键 词：人犬互动 刻板行为 唾液皮质醇 粪便皮质醇 

分 类 号：S811.8[农业科学—畜牧学]