反事实的意义层次与语用实现  

Counterfactuality:The Meaning Level and Its Pragmatic Realization

作　　者：李宇凤 LI Yufeng(the School of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第3期371-386,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“交际互动中的隐性否定研究”(16BYY134);四川大学文学与新闻学院2022年度自设项目“中华文化传承与全球传播数字融合实验室专项”资助。

摘　　要：反事实研究中,存在着依赖过去/当下/未来确定的客观事实状态判断反事实表达的意义和功能的倾向,引起“反事实表达是否/如何表达反事实”的广泛争议。本文尝试从反事实的意义层次区分角度解决争议,在此基础上探讨反事实形式、语义、语用的交互作用规律。反事实义分抽象范畴义和具体语用义两个层次,两者构成实现关系。反事实义是范畴内涵语义,具有衍推性质。具体体现为反事实范畴义是反事实标记来源(情理、认知、表象、虚拟评价)范畴义的衍推,具有衍推的不可取消、不可强化、不可推导、可以分离的典型特征。反事实范畴义实现为反事实语用义,在知识背景层以缺省方式存在,在对比联想层发挥思辨作用,在表达前景层进行事实否定。The investigation of counterfactuality often triggers substantial controversy on whether/how the counterfactual expression conveys counter-to-fact(non-factive)meaning.Such research excessively relies on the objective status of tangible events in the physical world as criteria for determining the(counter)factual nature and function of an expression.Events occurring in the past or present are generally deterministic,making it relatively straightforward to evaluate whether their real-time status aligns with the corresponding expressions.Events occurring in the future could also be deterministic,when they are predetermined by relevant past or present events.Additionally,regular events can be evaluated as deterministic based on conventional norms.It is not the real-time status or its morphology/content but the nature of certainty that helps researchers to check so-called counterfactuality of an expression.But this type of counterfactual investigation provokes intractable disputes.This paper contends that the objective status of events in the physical world,the non-factive meaning of tangible categories in the cognitive world,and the communicative meaning of expressions in the linguistic world should not be conflated or regarded as interchangeable.The aim of this paper is to elucidate the confusion surrounding counterfactuality investigations through a hierarchical distinction of non-factive meaning,on the basis of which,explores the interaction principle of the form,semantics and pragmatics of counterfactuality.Non-factive meaning is derived from the irrealis modality of counterfactual category,manifests in pragmatical communication with layered degrees of prominence.Correspondingly non-factive meaning is represented in two levels:abstract category level and concrete pragmatic level,which constructs a realizational relationship from semantics to pragmatics.As a category connotation,non-factive meaning acts much like entailment.Specifically speaking,there are two sources of evidence which support the entailment nature

关 键 词：反事实义 意义范畴关联 知识背景层 对比联想层 表达前景层 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]