塔额盆地野果林不同居群野扁桃土壤种子库及幼苗更新研究  

Study on soil seed bank and seedling regeneration of different populations of Amygdalus ledebouriana in wild fruit forest in Ta'e Basin

作　　者：管岳 申文靖 陆彪 王妍欣 阿克居力得孜·努尔改里得 周龙[1] GUAN Yue;SHEN Wenjing;LU Biao;WANG Yanxin;Akejulidezi Nurgailide;ZHOU Long(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Kashgar Polytechnic Vocational and Technical College,Shache,Xinjiang 844700,China;Xinjiang Tekes County Forestry Grassland Bureau,Turks,Xinjiang 835500,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]喀什理工职业技术学院,新疆莎车844700 [3]新疆特克斯县林业草原局,新疆特克斯835500

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第6期961-967,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：2022自治区高校基本科研业务费项目(XJEDU2022Z004);第三次新疆综合科学考察课题项目(2021xjkk0501)。

摘　　要：[目的]明确新疆野扁桃土壤种子库及幼苗更新特征,探究影响野扁桃种群更新受限因子。[方法]以新疆塔额盆地的野扁桃为对象,通过野外样地调查、土样采集及母株下幼苗数量、级别统计等方法对新疆野扁桃土壤种子库及幼苗更新进行研究。[结果](1)野扁桃土壤种子库种子平均密度为96.45粒/m^(2),托里居群完整种子密度最大,裕民居群被啃食种子密度最大,虫蛀种子仅在塔城居群出现;(2)野扁桃种子主要分布在枯枝落叶层,占种子总量的56.29%,S2(0-5cm)土层占29.07%,S3(5-10cm)土层占14.65%,土壤种子水平扩散距离与野扁桃所处坡度成正比;(3)调查的野扁桃幼苗中未发现实生苗,Ⅰ级苗占幼苗总数的51.12%,母株基部50cm内的范围是野扁桃幼苗集中分布区域。[结论]野扁桃土壤种子库分布特征表现为近母株及地表,幼苗更新也为近母株分布。自然条件下,被啃食种子、虫蛀种子和生态位缺失是野扁桃实生苗无法萌发、实生更新受限转而进行萌生更新的主要原因。[Objective]The study aims to investigate the soil seed bank and seedling regeneration characteristics of Amygdalus ledebouriana in Xinjiang,and to explore the limiting factors affecting the population regeneration of A.ledebouriana.[Methods]A.ledebouriana in the Ta'e Basin of Xinjiang was used as the research object,and the soil seed bank and seedling regeneration were studied by means of field plot investigation,soil sample collection,and seedling number and grade statistics under the mother plant.[Results](1)The average density of seeds in the soil seed bank of A.ledebouriana was 96.45 m2.The complete seed density of the Tuoli population was the highest,and the density of seeds eaten by the Yumin population was the highest,while the insect-eaten seeds only appeared in the Tacheng population.(2)The seeds of A.ledebouriana were mainly distributed in the litter layer,accounting for 56.29%of the total seeds,S2(0-5 cm)soil layer accounted for 29.07%,and S3(5-10 cm)soil layer accounted for 14.65%.The horizontal diffusion distance of soil seeds was proportional to the slope of A.ledebouriana.(3)No seedlings were found in the investigated A.ledebouriana seedlings.GradeⅠseedlings accounted for 51.12%of the total number of seedlings.A.ledebouriana seedlings were concentrated in the range of 50 cm from the base of the mother plant.[Conclusion]The distribution characteristics of soil seed bank of A.ledebouriana is near the mother plant and the surface,and the characteristics of seedling regeneration is also near the mother plant distribution.Under natural conditions,gnawed seeds,insect-infested seeds,and niche loss are the main reasons why A.ledebouriana seedlings cannot germinate and the regeneration of seedlings is limited.

关 键 词：野扁桃 塔额盆地 土壤种子库 幼苗更新 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]