早春不稳定传粉环境中新疆郁金香混合交配系统中的自交策略  

Selfing strategy in the mixed mating system of Tulipa sinkiangensis in unstable pollination environment in early spring

作　　者：焦芳芳 赵伟 阿依古丽·阿卜杜热伊木 张爱勤[1] JIAO Fangfang;ZHAO Wei;Ayiguli Abudureyimu;ZHANG Aiqin(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,School of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China;Urumqi Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station Midong Sub-station,Urumqi 831400,China;Kuche No.4 Senior High School,Aksu,Xinjiang 842000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,生物资源与基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830017 [2]乌鲁木齐市林业有害生物防治检疫站米东分站,乌鲁木齐831400 [3]库车市第四中学,新疆阿克苏842000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第6期987-994,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01C064);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2023G029)。

摘　　要：[目的]在不确定传粉环境中,两性花植物常常具有潜在自交能力,鉴于自交的交配代价,进行不同环境下自交策略研究,对深入理解植物交配系统的演化具有重要意义。[方法]以早春短命植物新疆郁金香为研究对象,通过野外观测及人工控制试验对自然居群的开花习性、传粉者类群、散粉动态、自花粉传递模式和交配系统等进行研究,以探讨早春不稳定传粉环境中植物的自交策略。[结果](1)新疆郁金香自然种群4月上旬或中旬开花,单花期5~6 d,白天开放晚上闭合,花粉的释放从外轮开始,由下到上呈拉链式次序呈现。(2)传粉者主要为蜂类和食蚜蝇,访花频率普遍较低,且年份间存在较大差异,但结实率普遍较高。(3)控制授粉试验表明,居群为异交为主,部分自交亲和的混合性交配系统。傍晚花闭合时雄蕊的自主运动促进了柱头的自花授粉,这一传粉模式促进了竞自交的发生,但大量自花粉的落置发生在开花后的第4天,占自花粉总落置量的50.22%,为一种延迟自交机制。[结论]在传粉受限的情况下,新疆郁金香的竞自交和延迟自交促进柱头的花粉落置,这种集异交、竞自交和延迟自交为一体的交配策略灵活地应对了早春不稳定的传粉环境,是对早春低温度条件下不确定传粉服务的一种适应,也是早春短命植物的一种繁殖保证对策。[Objective]In unstable pollination environments,bisexual flowering plants often possess potential selfing ability.Given the mating cost of selfing,investigating selfing strategies in different environments are critical for the understanding of evolution of the mating systems.[Methods]To explore the selfing strategies of plants in the unstable pollination environments in early spring,we studied the flowering habits,pollinator groups,pollen dispersal dynamics,self-pollen transfer patterns,and mating systems in a natural population of Tulipa sinkiangensis,an early spring ephemeral plant.[Results](1)T.sinkiangensis bloomed in early or mid April,with a single flowering period of 5-6 days.Flowers opened during the day and closed at night.Pollen dispersal started from the outer and appeared in a zippered order from bottom to top.(2)The pollinators were mainly bees and syrphids.Visiting frequencies were low,with great fluctuation among years,but the fruiting rates were generally higher in natural populations.(3)In the unstable pollination environment in early spring,the population was mainly outbred and partly self-inbred,forming a mixed mating system.The autonomous stamens movement during the closing of flowers in the evening promoted the autonomous self-pollination,and the massive deposition of self-pollen occurred on the 4th day after flowering,accounting for 50.22%of the total autonomous self-pollen deposition.It was a delayed self-pollination pattern,although promoting the occurrence of competing selfing.[Conclusion]Under limited pollination,the competing and delayed selfing promotes pollen deposition in T.sinkiangensis.This mating strategy that combined outcrossing,competing selfing,and delayed selfing flexibly responds to the unstable pollination environment in the early spring.It is an adaptation to the unstable pollination services under the low temperature condition in the early spring,and also a reproductive assurance strategy for the early spring ephemeral plants.

关 键 词：新疆郁金香 早春短命植物 雄蕊移动 延迟自交 竞自交 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] S682.263[农业科学—观赏园艺]