氮肥配施生物炭对土壤性状及春玉米根系特性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Bio-char on Soil Properties and Root Characteristics of Spring Maize

作　　者：孙晨 胡树平[2] 孙继颖[1] 高聚林[1] 刘剑 柏素花[3] 邬永 张悦忠 于晓芳[1] 王志刚[1] 杨绣娟 纪楠 SUN Chen;HU Shu-ping;SUN Ji-ying;GAO Ju-lin;LIU Jian;BAI Su-hua;WU Yong;ZHANG Yue-zhong;YU Xiao-fang;WANG Zhi-gang;YANG Xiu-juan;JI Nan(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019;Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Tumote Right Banner 014109;Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109;Wangaizhao Agriculture Tour Company Co.,Ltd.,Dalate 014300;Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Science-Technology Development Center of Zhalaite,Zhalaite 137600,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古土默特右旗014109 [3]青岛农业大学,山东青岛266109 [4]内蒙古王爱召农业观光有限公司,内蒙古达拉特旗,014300 [5]内蒙古扎赉特旗农牧和科技事业发展中心,内蒙古扎赉特旗,137600

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第3期93-100,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2020CG0030);呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2020-农-1);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0003);内蒙古自治区高端外国专家引进项目(美国耐密宜机收春玉米品种引进及配套栽培技术研究);内蒙古草原英才个人项目;国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300802);农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-63);内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室项目。

摘　　要：为探究生物炭在土壤氮素分布以及对根系氮素吸收利用与产量形成中所产生的影响,开展两年(2019-2020)定点试验。试验以先玉335为供试材料,采用裂区试验设计,以氮肥为主区,300 kg/hm^(2)(N300)、150 kg/hm^(2)(N150)、不施氮肥(N0);以生物炭为副区,不施生物炭(C0)、8 t/hm^(2)(C8)、16 t/hm^(2)(C16)、24 t/hm^(2)(C24)。结果表明,在0~15 cm土层内,C8N0、C16N0、C24N0处理组合的有机碳在2019年和2020年较C0N0处理组合分别增加16.27%~31.52%和7.27%~35.57%。在2019年和2020年,C8N150、C16N150、C24N150处理组合较C0N150处理组合的根长分别提升11.22%~51.18%和6.32%~46.17%,产量分别提升10.70%~23.55%和4.77%~22.68%。综上,生物炭施炭量在24 t/hm^(2)时,施氮肥150 kg/hm^(2)对土壤有机质积累分布和根系的发育状况达到最佳状态。The field experiments were carried out to study the effects of biochar on soil nitrogen distribution,root nitrogen absorption and utilization,and yield formation with the maize Xianyu335 in two years(2019-2020).A split-plot system in three replications was established to conduct the field trials.Three nitrogen fertilization levels(0,150,300 kg/ha)were in the main plots,and four bio-char levels(0,8,16,24 t/ha)were in the sub-plots.The results indicated that compared with CONO,under the treatment of C8NO,C16NO and C24NO,the soil organic matter within soil layer of 0-15 cm increased by 16.27%-31.52%in 2019,and 7.27%-35.57%in 2020.Compared with C0N150,under the treatment of C8N150,C16N150 and C24N150,the total root length increased by 11.22%-51.18%in 2019,and 6.32%-46.17%in 2020;and total maize production increased by 10.70%-23.55%in 2019,and 4.77%-22.68%in 2020.In summary,at a bio-char application rate of 24t/ha,N150 achieved the optimal state of soil organic matter accumulation and distribution,as well as root development.

关 键 词：春玉米 生物炭 氮肥 土壤性状 根系 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]