中国烈士纪念褒扬工作体系:历史嬗变、制度困境与优化路径  

The work system of commemoration and praise martyrs in China:historical evolution,institutional dilemma and optimization path

作　　者：王增文[1] 陈晨 邓大松[1] WANG Zengwen;CHEN Chen;DENG Dasong

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会保障研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2024年第2期65-73,共9页Social Security Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“健全退役军人工作体系和保障制度研究”课题立项(编号:21AZD072);教育部哲社重大攻关项目“退役军人社会保障问题研究”(编号:20JZD025)子课题“退役军人就业创业安置问题研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：开展烈士纪念褒扬工作是铭记英烈功绩、激发爱国热情、增强民族凝聚力的重要手段。中国烈士纪念褒扬工作经历了从国家成立初期注重弘扬革命性,到社会主义初步探索时期侧重发挥烈士精神宣教功能,再到改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期强调挖掘烈士精神的社会公益意义,直至新时代更加注重挖掘和宣传烈士事迹和精神的过程;相应政策法规也经历了从初步建立到不断完善的过程。然而,现阶段我国烈士纪念褒扬工作尚未形成完整的常态化体系。工作实践中存在对烈士荣誉保护力度有限、精神和事迹宣扬不足、纪念设施教育功能开发力度不够等问题;工作体系面临社会传播机制不畅、工作执行存在形式化和官僚化倾向、保障机制不完善、受政策环境制约等制度困境。这些问题制约了烈士纪念褒扬工作体系的整体效能。为实现烈士纪念褒扬工作体系的创新发展,应加大社会宣传教育力度、重视基层工作、完善保障机制及强化各部门和各主体之间的协作。Carrying out the work of commemorating and praising martyrs is an important means to remember the achievements of heroes,inspire patriotic fervor,and enhance national cohesion.The work of commemorating and praising martyrs in China has evolved from emphasizing revolutionary spirit in the early days of the People's Republic of China,to focusing on promoting the publicity and educational function of martyr's spirit during the initial exploration period of socialism,to emphasizing the exploration of the social welfare significance of martyr's spirit in the new era of reform,opening up,and socialist modernization construction,and to placing greater emphasis on discovering and publicizing the deeds and spirit of martyrs in the current era.Corresponding policies and regulations have also gone through the process of initial establishment to continuous improvement.However,at present,a complete normalized system for commemorating and praising martyrs has yet to be formed in China.Issues in the work practice include limited protection of the honors of martyrs,insufficient publicity of their spirit and deeds,and insufficient development of the educational functions of commemorative facilities.The work system faces problems such as unsmooth social communication mechanism,formalism and bureaucratization tendency of work implementation,imperfect security mechanism,and restriction by policy environment.These issues restrict the overall effectiveness of the system for commemorating and praising martyrs.In order to achieve innovative development of the system for commemorating and praising martyrs,efforts which include strengthening the social publicity and education,focusing on the grass-roots work,improving the security mechanism and strengthening the cooperation among various departments and entities.

关 键 词：烈士 纪念褒扬 褒扬制度 烈士精神 

分 类 号：D64[政治法律—政治学]