美国对1956年老挝首相富马访华的认知和应对  

U.S.Perception and Response to the Visit of Lao Prime Minister Phouma to China in 1956

作　　者：吴林章 WU Linzhang

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院,050024

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2024年第3期88-97,152,共11页History Research And Teaching

摘　　要：1956年8月,时任老挝首相富马,基于国家安全和国内和平的需要而出访中国。富马访华引起美国的强烈不满和高度警惕。华盛顿担忧中国会向富马施压,迫使其在政治谈判中向巴特寮做让步,并要求接受中国的经济援助,最终导致老挝以和平的方式倒向共产党阵营。为此,美国采取措施,尽力减少富马接近中国对美国在老挝利益造成的损害。富马访华导致美国对老挝政策的调整,此后华盛顿更为积极地插手老挝内政,在老挝寻找、扶植符合美国要求的“代理人”。美国对富马访华的敏感反应,是艾森豪威尔政府在冷战意识形态驱动下,敌视社会主义国家的具体体现。In August 1956,Souvanna Phouma,Prime Minister of Laos,decided to visit China in consideration for national security and domestic peace,but his intention aroused intense discontent and high alert from the U.S..Washington was concerned that Souvanna would compromise with China on the Pathet Lao issue,receive economic aid from China and eventually shift towards the Communist camp in a peaceful manner.Therefore,the United States took measures to minimize the damage to its interests in Laos caused by Souvanna's visit to China.The U.S.policy towards Laos changed after this visit.Washington became more active in interfering in the internal affairs of Laos,and seeking and supporting its"proxies"that met its interests in Laos.The sensitive reactions to the visit of Souvanna to China were specific manifestations of the Eisenhower administration's hostility towards socialist countries driven by the Cold War ideology.

关 键 词：老挝 梭发那·富马 中立主义 美老关系 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D833.4[政治法律—外交学]