对句的早期发展及其诗史意义  

The Early Development of Chinese Couplets and Their Historical Poetic Significance

作　　者：谢琰[1] Xie Yan

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2024年第5期123-140,206,207,共20页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：对句既是语言现象,也是艺术形式,其发展具有重要的诗史意义。汉语独特的韵律特点、语法特征、词义系统促进了对句的生成,五言诗的句子节奏特点则决定了它与对句的密切联动。汉魏至齐梁是诗歌对句发展的关键时期,它经历了“正一反一合”的历程。从古诗到颜延之,对句的语法严谨度和语义自由度成反比发展且波动剧烈。从颜延之、谢灵运开始,对句的语法严谨度和语义自由度成正比发展,实现了辩证统一。诗人不断调适对句并借此推动诗歌内容创新和形式创新,对句发展因此成为古典诗歌创新发展的重要原动力。对句的发展轨迹与规律,不仅体现中国文学的民族特色,更体现中国思想的民族智慧。Chinese couplets are not merely a linguistic phenomenon;they also constitute an art form with significant importance in the history of poetry.The unique prosodic,grammatical,and semantic characteristics of the Chinese language facilitate couplet creation,while the rhythmic patterns inherent in five-character poems establish a close connection between these two forms.The period from the Han and Wei dynasties to the Qi Liang period was critical for the development of poetic couplets,characterized by a"positive-negative-combined"process.From ancient poems to the era of Yan Yanzhi,the grammatical rigor and semantic freedom of couplets developed in inverse proportion and fluctuated dramatically.However,a shift occurs with Yan Yanzhi and Xie Lingyun:grammatical rigor and semantic freedom developed in direct proportion,leading to a state of dialectical unity.Poets continually refined couplets,driving innovation in both the content and form of poetry.As a result,the development of couplets became a key force propelling the evolution of classical Chinese poetry.By analyzing the trajectory and underlying principles of couplets,we gain insights not only into the national characteristics of Chinese literature but also into the wisdom embedded within Chinese thought.

关 键 词：对句 五言诗 寺诗史 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]