北京市生活垃圾甲烷控制状况与综合利用  

Methane Control Status and Comprehensive Utilization of Domestic Waste in Beijing

作　　者：肖绎 贾维健 XIAO Yi;JIA Weijian(Beijing Engineering Consulting Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100124;Beizi Energy and Environmental Engineering Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100124)

机构地区：[1]北京市工程咨询有限公司,北京100124 [2]北咨能源环境工程技术有限公司,北京100124

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2024年第3期9-15,共7页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

摘　　要：生活垃圾甲烷排放是三大人为甲烷排放源之一。近年来北京城市生活垃圾固体废物处理量快速增长,预计生活垃圾清运和处理量未来几年内还将维持高位运行,对其甲烷排放量的控制和综合利用尤为重要。通过对北京市区域范围内甲烷产出利用的垃圾填埋场、垃圾焚烧厂及餐厨和厨余垃圾处理厂等在内的10个生活垃圾处理设施单位的调研,统计甲烷现状利用量,分析在生活垃圾甲烷的产生和利用方面存在的问题。结果表明:北京垃圾处理产生甲烷的主要环节为填埋场填埋气及渗滤液处理,主要处理方式包括火炬燃烧和沼气发电。利用包括LandGEM数学模型在内的甲烷产量预测方法,测算出2023—2040年生活垃圾领域甲烷理论产量累计可达2.363×109m3;建议通过源头减量控制甲烷产量,根据好氧堆肥需求量控制餐厨、厨余垃圾厌氧处理规模。可采用填埋气减排、优选餐厨和厨余垃圾处理及甲烷重整等新技术来提高生活垃圾领域甲烷的利用率,达到节能环保的效果。Methane emissions from domestic waste are one of the three major sources of methane emissions.In recent years,the amount of solid waste treatment from urban domestic waste in Beijing had grown rapidly,and it was expected that the amount of domestic waste removal and treatment would continue to operate at a high level in the coming years.It was particularly important to the control and comprehensive utilization of methane emissions.Based on the investigation of 10 domestic waste treatment facilities,included landfill sites,incineration plants,food waste and kitchen waste treatment plants,that produce and utilize methane within the Beijing area,the current utilization of methane was analyzed,and the problems in the production and utilization of methane in domestic waste were analyzed.The results indicated that the main processes for methane production in Beijing’s waste treatment were landfill gas and leachate treatment,included torch combustion and biogas power generation.Through using methane production prediction methods including LandGEM mathematical models,it was calculated that the theoretical methane production in the domestic waste field would accumulate to 2.363 billion cubic meters from 2023 to 2040.It was suggested that methane production should be controlled by source reduction,the anaerobic treatment scale of food waste and kitchen waste should be controlled based on the demand for aerobic composting.New technologies such as landfill gas emission reduction,optimal food waste and kitchen waste treatment,as well as methane reforming could be adopted to improve the utilization of methane in the domestic waste field,in order to achieve energysaving and environmental protection effects.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 甲烷 填埋气 厨余垃圾 综合利用 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]