济南地区无偿献血者HIV感染状况和流行特征分析  

Status and epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus infection in voluntary blood donors in Jinan,China

作　　者：孙平 陈秀莲 徐杰 郑顺贞 SUN Ping;CHEN Xiulian;XU Jie;ZHENG Shunzhen(Jinan Blood Supply and Security Center,Jinan 250001,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市血液供保中心,山东济南250001 [2]山东第一医科大学附属省立医院

出　　处：《精准医学杂志》2024年第3期279-282,共4页Journal of Precision Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解济南地区无偿献血者HIV感染状况和流行特征,为本地区制定合理的HIV血液筛查策略和完善献血招募工作提供依据。方法回顾性分析济南市血液供保中心2014—2020年所有无偿献血者血液标本的HIV抗体/抗原和核酸检测的初筛结果,根据济南市疾病预防控制中心反馈的反应性标本的确认结果,通过查询启奥血站信息管理系统,收集HIV确认阳性者流行病学资料和献血资料。结果284778例标本中初筛反应性标本277例,初筛反应性率0.97‰,65例ELISA双试剂反应性标本中有46例确证为阳性,确证阳性率0.16‰,确证不确定9例。在确证阳性献血者中,男45例,女1例;感染者主要集中在21~40岁,特别是21~30岁人群中;HIV感染者占比最高的分别为初次献血者(65.22%)、全血捐献者(95.65%)和个人无偿献血者(95.65%)。结论ELISA双试剂反应性和确证结果符合率较高,应联合应用ELISA和核酸检测方法进行血液筛查,防止HIV漏检。无偿献血者HIV感染状况具有性别、年龄和职业的分布特征,应针对不同人群加强HIV防治知识的宣传力度,同时运用互联网信息共享系统联合屏蔽HIV阳性献血者,从源头保证供血质量。Objective To investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection in voluntary blood donors in Jinan,China,and to provide a basis for formulating reasonable HIV blood screening strategies and improving blood donation recruitment in this region.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the preliminary screening results of HIV antibody/antigen and nucleic acid of the blood samples of all voluntary blood donors in Jinan Blood Supply and Security Center from 2014 to 2020.According to the confirmation results of reactive samples from Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the epidemiological data and blood donation data of HIV-positive individuals were collected by consulting the information management system of Shinow Blood Station.Results Among the 284778 samples,277 were reactive for primary screening,resulting in a reactivity rate of 0.97‰.Among the 65 reactive samples based on dual-reagent ELISA,46 were confirmed positive,with a confirmed positive rate of 0.16‰,while 9 samples were uncertain.Among the confirmed positive blood donors,there were 45 male individuals and 1 female individual,and most of the infected individuals were aged 21-40 years,especially 21-30 years.The highest proportion of the individuals with HIV infection was observed among the first-time blood donors(65.22%),the whole blood donors(95.65%),and the individual voluntary blood donors(95.65%).Conclusion There is a relatively high coincidence rate between ELISA dual-reagent reactivity and confirmation results,and ELISA and nucleic acid testing should be used in combination for blood screening to prevent the missed detection of HIV.HIV infection in voluntary blood donors shows the characteristics of sex,age,and occupation distribution,and targeted publicity of the knowledge of HIV prevention and treatment should be strengthened for different populations.Meanwhile,the internet information sharing system should be used to eliminate HIV-positive blood donors,so as to improve th

关 键 词：供血者 HIV HIV检测 流行病学 

分 类 号：R446.11[医药卫生—诊断学] R512.91[医药卫生—临床医学]