基于重力梯度被动稳定的空间站微重力伴飞实验舱方案  

A scheme for China Space Station microgravity accompanying flight experimental module based on gravity gradient passive stabilization

作　　者：王曦 陈伟跃 李丽君[2] 杨胜 WANG Xi;CHEN Weiyue;LI Lijun;YANG Sheng(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]北京控制工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2024年第3期270-276,共7页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

基　　金：中国航天科技集团有限公司自主研发项目(编号:YF-ZZYF-2022-132)。

摘　　要：针对科学实验载荷极低量级微重力环境的需求,提出基于重力梯度被动稳定的空间站微重力伴飞实验舱方案。伴飞实验舱相对空间站独立飞行,以隔离空间站上复杂多变的干扰源。实验舱采用无振动微加速度的姿轨控方法实现了伴飞期间的极低量级微重力水平——以重力梯度被动稳定+主动磁控的方式实施姿控;通过调整偏航角改变迎风面积实施轨道高度与位置控制,保证伴飞安全性。同时,实验舱通过配置制导执行机构、安装位姿敏感器和机械臂目标适配器,能充分利用空间站的在轨资源。仿真分析表明实验舱能保证长期持续地为载荷提供优于4.9×10-7g0的极低量级微重力环境。Aiming at the requirement of ultra low-level microgravity environment for scientific experimental loads,a scheme of microgravity accompanying flight experimental module for China Space Station(CSS)based on gravity gradient passive stabilization was proposed.The accompanying flight experimental module flies independently of CSS to avoid the complex and variable interference sources from CSS.The ultra low-level microgravity of the experimental module during accompanying flight was achieved by an attitude and orbit control method with vibration free and micro-acceleration,i.e.,the attitude control was implemented by means of gravity gradient passive stabilization combined with active magnetic control.The orbit height and attitude control scheme was realized by adjusting the yaw-angle to change the windward area,so as to ensure the safety of companying flight.Meanwhile,the experimental module fully utilized the in-orbit resources of CSS by configuring the guidance actuator,as well as installing the pose sensor and robotic arm target adapter.The simulation analysis shows that the experimental module can provide a long-term and sustained ultra-low level microgravity environment of 4.9×10-7g0 for the payload.

关 键 词：空间站伴飞 微重力 重力梯度稳定 磁控 大气阻力 

分 类 号：V419.2[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] V423.7