创新与融合:20世纪50年代中国海带养殖技术体系的建立  

Innovation and Integration:the Establishment of China's Kelp Cultivation Technique System in the 1950s

作　　者：王斌[1] Wang Bin(The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《古今农业》2024年第2期1-16,共16页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所“中外科技创新史比较研究——科技自立自强之路”(E2291J01)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国并非海带的天然产区,解放前只能依靠进口海带。20世纪50年代,位于青岛的山东水产养殖场、中国科学院海洋生物研究室、水产部黄海水产研究所等机构成功探索出一套海带全人工养殖技术,主要包括海带筏式人工养殖法、海带夏苗自然光培育法和海带施肥法等,实现了商品海带的生产,并通过南移养殖扩展到中国南部沿海。大跃进运动中,海带养殖发展成为轰轰烈烈的群众性生产运动,海带养殖技术得到广泛深入的推广,由此也带动了中国第一次海水养殖浪潮。海带全人工养殖技术的成功,实现了海带在自然分布区之外的生长,也改变了中国依靠进口海带的历史,是重大的理论创新和技术创新,是科技自立自强的典型案例。China is not a natural producer of kelp and relied on kelp importation before the Liberation.In 1950s,Shandong Aquafarm,Marine Biology Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Yellow Sea Fishery Institute of the Fishery Ministry contributed to and succeeded in exploring a set of kelp cultivation techniques,including kelp raft cultivation,kelp summer sporeling cultivation and kelp fertilization,which achieved the production of commercial kelp and expanded to the southern coastal areas of China by transplantation southward.During the Great Leap Forward,the kelp cultivation developed into a vigorous mass production movement and the kelp farming technique was popularized broadly and deeply,thus pushing China's first mariculture tide.The success of kelp farming technique,which realized the growth of kelp outside its natural origins and changed the history of China's dependence on kelp importation,is a major theoretical and technological innovation,and a typical case of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology.

关 键 词：海带 养殖 大跃进 海带筏式养殖法 海带夏苗自然光培育法 

分 类 号：S968.421[农业科学—水产养殖]